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Uranus may not have a weird magnetic field after all
In 1986, Voyager 2 flew by the ice giant Uranus. It was humanity’s first close-up view of the outer planet, and it remains the closest any spacecraft has ever come. On this trip, the spacecraft found 10 previously undiscovered moons, two rings, and a truly bizarre magnetic field that has baffled scientists ever since. MostContinue reading "Uranus may not have a weird magnetic field after all"
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October 2024 set multiple US records for the driest month ever
SpaceX and NASA show off how Starship will help astronauts land on the moon (images)
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James Webb Space Telescope unveils surprising 'Red Monsters' in the early universe
NASA chooses SpaceX and Blue Origin to deliver rover, astronaut base to the moon
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Sharpening the B-Meson Anomalies
Author(s): Charles Day
A new analysis of B-meson decays strongly hints that they harbor physics beyond the standard model.
[Physics 17, s142] Published Thu Nov 21, 2024
Spin Control in a Levitating Diamond
Author(s): Ryan Wilkinson
By manipulating and detecting nuclear spins in a tiny floating diamond, scientists have reported a record-long spin coherence time for a levitated system.
[Physics 17, s143] Published Thu Nov 21, 2024
'Star Trek: Lower Decks' Season 5 episode 6: Is Ensign Olly really a demigod?
Will astronauts need to be rescued from the moon? NASA wants to be prepared just in case
How Comet ATLAS fizzled out
When comet C/2024 S1 (ATLAS) was first discovered in late September, it was almost immediately identified as a member of the Kreutz family of Sun-grazing comets. But it was highly unusual for a Kreutz comet — virtually all of these are only discovered in their last hours or days of existence, as they plunge towardContinue reading "How Comet ATLAS fizzled out"
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Star imaged in detail outside the Milky Way for the 1st time (image, video)
What's next for SpaceX's Starship after its successful 6th test flight?
SpaceX launches 24 Starlink satellites from Florida, its 7th liftoff in a week (video)
خاموشی دور از انتظار؟
با استفاده از مطالعهی جمعیت ستارهای۱ کهکشانها میتوان آنها را به دو دستهی کلی ستارهزا۲ و غیرستارهزا یا خاموش۳ طبقهبندی کرد. دستهی اول شامل کهکشانهایی است که جوان و در حال ستارهزایی هستند و دستهی دوم کهکشانهایی را شامل میشود که ستارهزایی در آنها متوقف شده است و جمعیت ستارهای پیرتری دارند. یکی از اهداف اصلی تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب۴، پاسخ به یکی از چالشبرانگیزترین سوالات در مطالعهی ساختار و تحول کهکشانها است: چگونگی شکلگیری سریع جرم کهکشانها در یک بازهی زمانی بسیار کوتاه، پایان یافتن ستارهزایی آنها و قرار گرفتن آنها در دستهی خاموش یا غیرستارهزا.
بر اساس تئوریهای موجود در زمینهی تحول کهکشانها پیشبینی میشود که برای مصرف تمام گاز مورد نیاز برای ستارهزایی به زمانی از مرتبهی میلیارد سال نیاز است (هر چند عواملی مانند بادهای ستارهای۵، بازخورد هستهی فعال کهکشانی۶، ادغام۷ و برهمکنش با دیگر کهکشانها میتوانند این فرآیند را تسریع کنند). در نتیجه انتظار میرود با نگاه کردن به فواصل دورتر (نگاه به گذشته در زمان) شاهد تعداد کمتری از کهکشانهای خاموش باشیم.
نویسندگان این مقاله با استفاده از دادههای به دست آمده از طیفسنج فروسرخ نزدیک تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب (NIRSpec) حضور یک کهکشان خاموش به نام GS-9209 با جرم ستارهای نزدیک به ۳۸ میلیون برابر جرم خورشید در انتقال به سرخ ۴/۶۵۸، تنها ۱/۲۵ میلیارد سال بعد از انفجار بزرگ۸ را گزارش میکنند. بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده توسط این گروه به نظر میرسد تمام جرم ستارهای این کهکشان تنها در یک بازهی زمانی ۲۰۰ میلیون ساله، قبل از به پایان رسیدن فعالیت ستارهزایی در انتقال به سرخ ۶/۵ معادل با زمانی که عمر کیهان تنها ۸۰۰ میلیون سال بودهاست، تشکیل شده باشد.
در این مقاله، نویسندگان خطوط جذبی طیف کهکشان GS-9209 را مطالعه کردهاند. بررسی خطوط جذبی طیف کهکشانها، یکی از روشهای مطالعهی تاریخچهی خاموشی کهکشانهای ستارهزا است. تصویر۱ طیف کهکشان GS-9209 را که توسط تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب رصد شدهاست، نشان میدهد. این طیف در بازهی طول موجی۵/۱ -۱/۷میکرومتر قرار دارد که شامل تعداد زیادی خطوط جذبی بالمر۹ (خط جذبی حاصل از گذار الکترون از تراز۲ به ترازهای بالاتر) است. طیف به دست آمده از این کهکشان خاموش با حضور این خطوط جذبی بالمر شباهت بسیار زیادی به طیف ستارگان نوع A داشته که با استفاده از آنها میتوان تحولات ستارهزایی را در طول زمانی از مرتبهی حدود ۱۰۰ میلیون سال بررسی کرد. به بیان سادهتر، این ستارگان اطلاعات مربوط به تغییرات ستارهزایی در طی ۱۰۰ میلیون سال اخیر را در بر دارند. حضور این جمعیت ستارهای یادآور کهکشانهای پساستارهزا۱۰ در انتقال به سرخهای پایینتر و نشاندهندهی پایان ستارهزایی در یک بازهی کوتاه، در حدود طول عمر ستارگان نوع A بر روی رشتهی اصلی است. نویسندگان این مقاله برای تعیین عمق هر کدام از این خطوط جذبی پهنای-همعرض۱۱ این خطوط را گزارش میکنند (پهنای-همعرض معیاری است که شدت یک خط جذبی را توصیف میکند). مطالعهی پهنای-همعرض خطوط مشاهده شدهی جذبی سری بالمر و پهنشدگی نسبی خط نشری نیتروژن-۲ نسبت به خط نشری پهن شدهی هیدروژن-آلفا (حاصل از گذار الکترون برانگیخته از تراز ۳ به ۲) به ترتیب نمایانگر غالب بودن جمعیت ستارهای در پیوستار و حضور هستهی فعال کهکشانی است.
شکل ۱. طیف گرفتهشده از GS-9209 با استفاده از طیفسنج تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب در ناحیهی فروسرخ نزدیک. خط سیاه مدل به دست آمده از کد Bagpipes برای برازش بر روی خطوط جذبی و نشری موجود در طیف را نمایش میدهد. این کد با بهرهگیری از آمار بیز و همچنین در برداشتن فرضیات گسترده در مورد تاریخچهی ستارهزایی برای مدل سازی طیف کهکشانها استفاده میشود.
شکل ۲. نرخ ستارهزایی کهکشان GS-9209 بر اساس تابعی از زمان. طبق این نمودار، کهکشان GS-9209، عمدهی جمعیت ستارهای خود را طی یک بازهی زمانی ۲۰۰ میلیون ساله، از حدود ۶۰۰ تا ۸۰۰ میلیون سال پس از انفجار بزرگ شکل دادهاست.
مطالعات خط نشری پهن شدهی هیدروژن-آلفا و نیتروژن-۲ بر روی طیف کهکشان GS-9209 نشان میدهد که این کهکشان دربردارندهی یک ابرسیاهچاله۱۲ با جرمی ۴-۵ برابر جرم قابل انتظار برای کهکشانهایی با جرم ستارهای مشابه GS-9209 است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از بررسی تاریخچهی ستارهزایی در این کهکشان، میانگین نرخ ستارهزایی این کهکشان در ۱۰۰ میلیون سال گذشته تقریبا برابر با صفر است و این کهکشان را در دستهبندی غیرستارهزا قرار میدهد. بررسی بیشتر بر روی پیشینهی فعالیت این ابرسیاهچاله، بازخورد فعالیتهای ناشی از هستهی فعال کهکشانی را یکی از دلایل احتمالی برای توقف ستارهزایی در این کهکشان میداند. هستهی فعال کهکشانی باعث گرمایش گاز سرد (سوخت اصلی ستارهزایی) شده و کهکشانها را از حالت فعال ستارهزایی به حالت غیرفعال تبدیل میکند. GS-9209 یک نمونهی جالب توجه است که نشان میدهد تشکیل ساختارهای عظیمی مانند کهکشانها، در همان یک میلیارد سال اولیهی عالم و خاموشی ستارهزایی حداکثر تا ۸۰۰ میلیون سال بعد از انفجار بزرگ به خوبی صورت گرفتهاست.
۱. Stellar Population
۲. Star Forming
۳. Quiescent
۴. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
۵. Stellar Winds
۶.Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) Feedback
۷. Merger
۸. Big Bang
۹. Balmer Absorption Lines
۱۰. Post-Starburst Galaxies
۱۱. Equivalent Width
۱۲. Super Massive Blackhole
شکل بالای صفحه: گروه کهکشانی HCG 87. در این تصویر کهکشانهای ستارهزا و غیرستارهزا دیده میشوند. منبع: ویکیپدیا
عنوان اصلی مقاله: A massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.658
نویسندگان: Adam C. Carnall et al
لینک اصلی مقاله: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.11413
گردآوری: فائزه اخلاقیمنش
NASA's Curiosity rover captures 360-degree view of Mars — and finds strange sulfur stones
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SpaceX Starship Flight 6: No booster catch, but still pushing the envelope
While it did not recreate the historic Super Heavy booster catch it pulled off last time, SpaceX continued to push the envelope during the sixth test flight of its Starship spacecraft. The largest and most powerful rocket ever built lifted off from SpaceX’s Starbase launchpad in Texas on Tuesday evening, Super Heavy’s 33 Raptor engines creating aContinue reading "SpaceX Starship Flight 6: No booster catch, but still pushing the envelope"
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Author(s): Carlos Mejuto-Zaera
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[Physics 17, 164] Published Wed Nov 20, 2024
Chiral Response of Achiral Meta-Atoms
Author(s): Ryan Wilkinson
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[Physics 17, s135] Published Wed Nov 20, 2024
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Jeff Schilling from Houston, Texas The dark nebulae LDN 935/6 contrast with billowing clouds of bright emission from the North America Nebula (NGC 7000). For this close-up study of light and dark in motion, the imager took 13¼ hours of exposure in Hubble-palette filters.
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On Saturday, Nov. 16, in Flagstaff, Arizona, the astronomy world changed a bit. Lowell Observatory has long been a beacon of history in the cosmic universe. Here, Boston Brahmin Percival Lowell founded an institution to study the heavens from the far west in 1894. Here he famously studied Mars, an early obsession, believing it toContinue reading "Lowell Observatory celebrates a monumental renewal"
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Dark Matter at Cosmic Dawn
Author(s): Charles Day
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[Physics 17, s132] Published Tue Nov 19, 2024
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Author(s): Michael Schirber
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[Physics 17, 166] Published Mon Nov 18, 2024
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Symmetry Spotted in Statistical Mechanics
Author(s): Benjamin Rotenberg
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[Physics 17, 163] Published Mon Nov 18, 2024
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How big is Earth’s orbit around the Sun?
How big is the ellipse that our planet travels in a year around the Sun? J.J. MüdespacherMexico City, Mexico Earth’s orbit around the Sun is not circular, but an ellipse that is slightly elongated with an eccentricity of 0.017. (An eccentricity of 0 is a circle, while the dwarf planet Pluto has a relatively highContinue reading "How big is Earth’s orbit around the Sun?"
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SpaceX Starship Flight 6: What to watch for
SpaceX is targeting the sixth test flight of its Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy booster — which comprise the largest and most powerful rocket system ever built — as early as Monday. Both the rocket and booster were moved to the launch mount this week for stacking. The mission, which like previous Starship flights willContinue reading "SpaceX Starship Flight 6: What to watch for"
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Kfir Simon, taken from Tivoli Farm, Namibia At a distance of 3,900 light-years in Norma the Square lies NGC 6164/5, also known as the Dragon’s Egg. Astronomers think the binary star at its center, HD 148937, was originally a triple system. The billowing outer shell was caused by stellar winds early in the system’s life;Continue reading "Draconic fratricide"
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The Sky This Week from November 15 to 22: 2024’s last Super Moon occults the Pleiades
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The European Space Agency’s Gaia emission has revealed two unexpected black holes orbiting stars like our own Sun. One minor problem: we’re not exactly sure how black holes like this should form. But a team of researchers might have an answer. Astronomers can’t directly observe black holes. That’s because by definition they do not emitContinue reading "How some black holes maintain long-distance relationships"
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[Physics 17, s130] Published Thu Nov 14, 2024
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The final supermoon of 2024 rises Nov. 15 as November's Full Beaver Moon
Surprised Russian school kids discover Arctic island has vanished after comparing satellite images
New Starlink satellites could be 32 times brighter in radio waves than before
Researchers using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio telescope in Europe have discovered the second generation of Starlink satellites emit higher levels of radio waves that could pose a serious risk to radio astronomy. This issue of radio-wave emission is in addition to the sunlight that Starlink and other satellites reflect, which can be visibleContinue reading "New Starlink satellites could be 32 times brighter in radio waves than before"
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Assessing the Brain at a Range of Frequencies
Author(s): Agnese Curatolo
A new frequency-based analysis of recordings from neurons in the brain may give insight into brain pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease.
[Physics 17, s145] Published Wed Nov 13, 2024
'Snowball Earth:' Entire planet was likely covered in ice more than 600 million years ago
Galaxies get tangled up in 'the queen's hair' in new Hubble Telescope image
Could black holes create dark energy?
Black holes are the universe’s shadowy figures, with many millions of them roaming unseen in our galaxy alone. These cosmic heavyweights famously destroy anything that wanders too close, tearing stars and other objects to shreds with their immense gravitational pull. But that may not be the end of the story for those doomed objects. AContinue reading "Could black holes create dark energy? "
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NASA dealing with aging ISS and spacewalk hardware: 'None of our spacesuits are spring chickens'
Under the Tuscan suns
Marco Meniero taken from Poggio Pinzuti, Italy The stars pirouette around Polaris above the hills of Tuscany near Pisa in this two-panel panorama taken with a Nikon Z9 mirrorless camera and a 70mm zoom lens. The imager captured 170 exposures of 15 seconds at f/4.5 and ISO 250.
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Trump appoints SpaceX's Elon Musk to help head regulation-slashing 'Department of Government Efficiency'
NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab laying off 5% of its workforce
'I weigh the same': NASA astronaut Suni Williams refutes tabloid health claims (video)
China's Mars rover Zhurong finds possible shoreline of ancient Red Planet ocean
Long ago, Voyager 2 might have caught Uranus at a bad time
SabersPro Vader lightsaber review: "An elegant replica that doesn't come cheap"
'Crumb trails' of meteoroids could reveal potentially dangerous comets years before they reach Earth
Marvel superheroes explore strange timelines in new trailer for 'What If…?' Season 3 (video)
Open Gateway: Step into mock lunar orbit habitat at Space Center Houston
Disney+ announces official 'Andor' Season 2 premiere date and teases TIE fighter heist
James Webb Space Telescope finds galaxies pointing toward a dark matter alternative
Chinese private rocket launches 1st satellite for international customer
What is dark energy?
In a 1998 research breakthrough, Saul Perlmutter of the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues in the Supernova Cosmology Project found the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating. Perlmutter and his team made the discovery by observing distant type Ia supernovae, whose brightnesses are well known, at different distances. His team made observationsContinue reading "What is dark energy?"
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ESO captures Dark Wolf Nebula stalking across the Milky Way
Inside the bright but unassumingly named nebula Gum 55 lies a dark nebula — a rift of dust grains that absorb visible light — creating a swatch of darkness against the glow of bright gas. Fittingly named for its shape, the Dark Wolf Nebula is no mere puppy — it spans an area some fourContinue reading "ESO captures Dark Wolf Nebula stalking across the Milky Way "
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China reveals reusable cargo shuttle design for Tiangong space station (video)
Quantifying the Background Radiation Hitting Superconducting Qubits
Author(s): Marric Stephens
Researchers have characterized the naturally occurring background radiation hitting a typical quantum circuit—a result that might help with the engineering of devices that are less vulnerable to radiation-induced decoherence.
[Physics 17, s140] Published Tue Nov 12, 2024
Good news everyone! 'The Art of Futurama' by Matt Groening crash lands today
Mysterious, city-size 'centaur' comet gets 300 times brighter after quadruple cold-volcanic eruption
New astronomy products to be thankful for
Star struck Wisconsin Historical Society PressMadison, WI In Chasing the Stars, authors Kelly Tyrell and James Lattis discuss the astronomical achievements of Washburn Observatory at the University of Wisconsin. The book’s 256 pages feature many images and details the early days of stargazing in the region, as well as Washburn’s many modern discoveries in theContinue reading "New astronomy products to be thankful for"
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A black hole's secrets could hide in its dizzying light 'echoes'
Top 10 best Lego deals we've spotted: Black Friday 2024
Scientists found 'nitriles' in an interstellar cloud — here's why that could be huge
US Congress will hold another UFO hearing this week. Here's how to watch
Dust on dust
Lynn Hilborn from Grafton, Ontario The origin of the reflection nebula van den Bergh 9 in Cassiopeia is the Cepheid variable star SU Cas; its blue light is reflected by surrounding dust, which are themselves partially shrouded by thicker dust clouds. This image represents 5 hours of exposure on an 8-inch scope in RGB filters.
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Top space gifts from Best Buy this Black Friday
What a 2nd Trump administration could mean for NASA and space exploration
The US is now at risk of losing to China in the race to send people back to the Moon’s surface
Starlink satellite falls to Earth, burns up as stunning fireball over US (video)
Jupiter's storms and its 'potato' moon Amalthea stun in new NASA Juno probe images
At 60 years, monument to NASA's Project Mercury still stands, but what of its time capsule?
The Leonid meteor shower: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher
In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to observe the what happens when our planet, during its journey around the Sun, runs into a stream of particles in its orbit. Such an event is called a meteor shower, and because the streaks of light from these meteors seem to all come from a point in theContinue reading "The Leonid meteor shower: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher"
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Everything we know about Exodus, the new sci-fi game from ex-BioWare developers
What is the universe expanding into?
What is the universe expanding into? Euan TobinEdinburgh, Scotland This excellent question forces us to confront a region beyond the bounds of our intuition, so please bear with me. When you inflate a balloon, the balloon’s membrane moves outward, closer to the boundaries of whatever room encloses it. You can easily visualize this expansion becauseContinue reading "What is the universe expanding into?"
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How can Jupiter have no surface? A dive into a planet so big, it could swallow 1,000 Earths
Star cities: New 3D view of globular clusters illuminates their origins (photo)
SpaceX rocket launches Koreasat-6A satellite, lands Falcon 9 booster on record-tying 23rd flight (video)
Supermassive black holes prefer to eat from wobbly plates
SpaceX launching 24 Starlink satellites from Florida on Monday
'Mass Effect' TV series is headed to Amazon Prime Video
Star Wars is following in the MCU's footsteps, but is this the way?
NASA's Roman space telescope gets ready to stare at distant suns to find alien planets
This Week In Space podcast: Episode 136 —SpaceX Ascendant
Where do fast radio bursts come from? Astronomers tie mysterious eruptions to massive galaxies
China's space agency brought the 1st lunar far side samples to Earth this year — here's what's next
Australian company Gilmour Space gets country's 1st orbital launch license
4 years after the giant Arecibo Observatory collapsed, we finally know what happened
NASA still mum about SpaceX Crew-8 astronaut's medical issue
Boom Supersonic's XB-1 jet sets new speed record during 7th test flight
New 'Star Wars' trilogy set at Lucasfilm with 'Rebels' writer and producer Simon Kinberg
An asteroid hit Earth just hours after being detected. It was the 3rd 'imminent impactor' of 2024
China planning to build its own version of SpaceX's Starship
SpaceX Dragon fires thrusters to boost ISS orbit for the 1st time
How carbon dioxide glaciers gave Mars liquid water
Mars is tantalizingly similar to Earth in many ways, but especially in its surface features, which often resemble Earth deserts to an eerie degree. Both Earth and Mars share features such as valleys; canyons; fanlike washes of sand and rock; and long, winding gravel ridges called eskers. All are formed by flowing water, marking theContinue reading "How carbon dioxide glaciers gave Mars liquid water"
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Axiom Space looks to India and Europe for rockets to help build its private space station
Adorable 3D-printed rovers learn to find blue ball in Mars-like environment
Save $300 on the best-motorized telescope before Black Friday
On ancient Mars, carbon dioxide ice kept the water running. Here's how
Information Flow in Molecular Machines
Author(s): Michael Schirber
A theoretical model shows that exchange of information plays a key role in the molecular machines found in biological cells.
[Physics 17, 162] Published Fri Nov 08, 2024
'Alien: Romulus' bursts onto Hulu for streaming on Nov. 21
Beaverlab Finder TW2 AI-enhanced telescope review
How to see a Saturn ring mirage
Roughly every 15 years, Earth passes through the plane of Saturn’s rings, causing them to nearly disappear from view — not to mention generating a variety of other interesting phenomena. The next such edge-on appearance will be in March 2025, though Saturn will unfortunately be too close to the Sun (only 9.5° away) for usContinue reading "How to see a Saturn ring mirage"
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3D map reveals our solar system's local bubble has an 'escape tunnel'
Saturn and the moon put on a celestial show Sunday night. Here's how to see it
Milky Way swirls over famous Easter Island statutes in stunning photo
SpaceX: Starship Flight 6 coming later this month
The sixth test flight of Starship — the largest and most powerful rocket to ever fly — will launch no earlier than 5 p.m. EST on Monday, November 18, SpaceX said Wednesday. The previous test flight of Starship, which SpaceX also refers to simply as “Ship,” and the Super Heavy booster resulted in the unprecedented catchContinue reading "SpaceX: Starship Flight 6 coming later this month"
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The Sky This Week from November 8 to 15: Catch the Leonids early
Friday, November 8Although the constellation Perseus is perhaps best known for housing the famous Double Cluster, it’s also home to another open star cluster: M34, one of the Hero’s two Messier objects. M34 is some 180 million years old and sits 1,400 light-years from Earth. The cluster contains about 100 stars and takes up roughlyContinue reading "The Sky This Week from November 8 to 15: Catch the Leonids early"
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Russia sends 53 satellites to orbit on record-breaking launch (video)
Satellites capture havoc caused by Spanish floods (images)
NOAA satellites watch Hurricane Rafael make landfall in Cuba (video)
First Glimpses of the Neutrino Fog
Author(s): Matteo Rini
Two dark matter searches report that their detectors have likely recorded neutrinos coming from the Sun—spotting the “neutrino fog” that could imperil future dark matter searches.
[Physics 17, 161] Published Thu Nov 07, 2024
Teeny tardigrades can survive space and lethal radiation. Scientists may finally know how
Moon RACER: Intuitive Machines takes lunar rover out for debut drive
'God of chaos' asteroid may be transformed by tremors and landslides during 2029 flyby of Earth, study finds
Astronaut Suni Williams 'in good health' on the ISS, NASA says, refuting tabloid claims
'Star Trek: Lower Decks' Season 5 episode 4: Who is Doctor Migleemo and why is he so obsessed with food?
Hawke Endurance ED 10x42 monocular review
Space stations are loud — that's why NASA is making a quiet fan
NASA's X-59 'quiet' supersonic jet test fires engine for 1st time
How comet Hale-Bopp can reveal the origins of life on Earth — and maybe beyond
Ferromagnetic Ferroelectricity from Orbital Ordering
Author(s): Charles Day
Crystals that have both a particular structure and a particular combination of electronic orbitals can be simultaneously ferromagnetic and ferroelectric.
[Physics 17, s131] Published Thu Nov 07, 2024
'Beppo go home?' An astronaut monkey steals hearts in tear-jerking SNL skit
Five ‘shy,’ lesser-known deep-sky gems to observe
Many constellations are well-known for having one very special deep-sky object within their borders, something so famous that when you read or hear that constellation’s name, you instantly think of it, like an astronomical word association game. Orion? The Orion Nebula! Andromeda? The Andromeda Galaxy, of course! Lyra? Easy — the Ring Nebula. And Perseus?Continue reading "Five ‘shy,’ lesser-known deep-sky gems to observe"
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SpaceX's Dragon is about to do something to the ISS it's never done before
Venus' 'missing' giant impact craters may be hiding in plain sight
SpaceX launching 20 Starlink satellites from California early Nov. 9
Sun erupts with powerful X2.3 solar flare, triggers radio blackouts (video)
'Fastest-feeding' black hole of the early universe found! But does it break the laws of physics?
'What's Starlink?' Trump talks Elon Musk, Starship and SpaceX in election night victory speech (video)
SpaceX targeting Nov. 18 for next Starship megarocket launch
US military test-launches unarmed nuclear missile on election night (video)
SpaceX launching 23 more Starlink satellites from Florida on Nov. 7
Go Centaur! Space Force stands up rocket stage at Los Angeles base
Learn the difference between common astronomical terms
Astronomy is a science and a hobby that loves long words, acronyms, and abbreviations. At times, listening to someone talking about an event happening in the sky or an object faraway in space can feel like watching one of those episodes of Star Trek where the characters spend 10 minutes just speaking in “technobabble,” soContinue reading "Learn the difference between common astronomical terms"
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A meteoric volley
Xiaofeng Qu, taken at Xiaochaidan Lake, Qinghai Province, China The Perseid meteors streak across the sky from its radiant in the constellation Perseus appearing in this perspective to be lobbed across the sky. This panorama of 17 stitched 60-second frames was taken with a Nikon DSLR at 14mm lens at f/1.8. Sky frames were capturedContinue reading "A meteoric volley"
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'Interstellar' gets 10th anniversary deluxe 4K UHD and Blu-ray collector's edition
Drip Physics Produces Flexible Stalactite-Like Surface
Author(s): Michael Schirber
By repeatedly applying coats of a hardening polymer to a surface, researchers have created rubbery stalactite-like formations that could be useful in soft robotics.
[Physics 17, s138] Published Wed Nov 06, 2024
Recruiting the world’s first disabled astronaut doesn't mean space travel is inclusive – here’s how to change that
Hera asteroid probe 'waves goodbye' at Earth and moon from 2.3 million miles away (image)
We’re entering the era of private space stations
The era of the International Space Station (ISS) is coming to a close. In the near future, NASA plans to bring down the station in a controlled deorbit. The end of the ISS will leave a large gap in human spaceflight, although the Chinese Tiangong space station is currently active. Still, to make a spaceContinue reading "We’re entering the era of private space stations"
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New NASA coronagraph will measure temperature, speed of solar wind from ISS
NASA's Chandra X-ray spacecraft finds 'danger zones' around stars
Supernova hides in new Hubble Telescope galaxy 'light show' image (photo)
NASA's Chandra X-ray telescope sees 'knots' blasting from nearby black hole jets
World's 1st wooden satellite arrives at ISS for key orbital test
Satellite survives impact with object in space, takes selfie to prove it (photos)
Starmus La Palma: The Island of Stars lineup revealed
Today, at the World Travel Market in London, STARMUS and The Canary Islands proudly unveiled the line-up for the highly anticipated STARMUS La Palma festival. The announcement was made during a special presentation led by STARMUS co-founder and Director, Prof. Garik Israelian, featuring the President of the Cabildo de La Palma, Sergio Rodríguez. Under theContinue reading "Starmus La Palma: The Island of Stars lineup revealed "
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Astronomers spot unusually synchronized star formation in ancient galaxy for 1st time
NASA's Parker Solar Probe to fly by Venus today before historic sun encounter
Putting the Twist into Quantum Imaging
Author(s): Susan Curtis
A theoretical analysis suggests that a novel “twisting “microscope could offer new insights into the exotic electronic behavior of layered 2D materials.
[Physics 17, 160] Published Tue Nov 05, 2024
Design an interstellar 'generation ship' to spend decades among the stars with Project Hyperion competition
Netflix's 'The Man Who Loved UFOs' explores how flying saucer hoaxes go viral (review)
Could a methane crust be keeping Titan warm?
The second-largest moon in our solar system may have a secret ingredient that explains many of its mysteries — and maybe ups the chances for life there. In research published Sept. 30 in The Planetary Science Journal, a University of Hawaii-led team modeled the potential for methane clathrate (a kind of methane-infused water ice) inContinue reading "Could a methane crust be keeping Titan warm?"
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Why can't active NASA astronauts endorse US presidential candidates?
Black Friday or Christmas sales: Which is better?
Searching for Dark Matter Variants of Quarks and Gluons
Author(s): Nikhil Karthik
A low-energy signature of physics beyond the standard model fails to appear in proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.
[Physics 17, s137] Published Tue Nov 05, 2024
Matthew McConaughey unveils otherworldly aliens in upcoming sci-fi game 'Exodus' (videos)
Satellites can now spot plastic trash on Earth's beaches from space (photo)
This famous black hole system is actually a triple
Despite their destructive forces, black holes are often seen in with a companion, such as a star, neutron star, white dwarf, or even another black hole. However, a study published Oct. 23 in Nature has found that the black hole binary system V404 Cygni, which contains a black hole and a small star, has anContinue reading "This famous black hole system is actually a triple"
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Newfound dead star spins record-breaking 716 times a second, explodes with thermonuclear blasts
'Vega continues to be unusual:' Lack of planets around young star puzzles astronomers
Explore the science of rainbows
Rainbows don’t actually exist. You can’t find the end of a rainbow (or its attendant pot of gold). It’s not possible to walk across a rainbow as the Norse gods did on the Bifrost, the bridge for fallen warriors to reach Valhalla, or to travel over one like Dorothy to Oz. Rather, rainbows and otherContinue reading "Explore the science of rainbows"
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Sharp 'lobster vision:' China's Einstein Probe space telescope already making discoveries during commissioning phase
Save $300 on the HTC VIVE Pro 2 VR headset, the best high-resolution option
Asteroid-mining company AstroForge gets 1st-ever FCC license for commercial deep-space mission
Universe, Discovered: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS still a naked eye object — barely
Stellar Stories Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS now a faint naked-eye object Moving across the constellation Ophiuchus in the evening sky, Comet C/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS continues to fade as it moves farther away from Earth and the Sun. The comet now glows at 6th magnitude, keeping it as a faint naked-eye object under a very dark sky. ButContinue reading "Universe, Discovered: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS still a naked eye object — barely"
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Universe, Discovered: Hera launches to asteroid crash scene
Stellar Stories Hera spacecraft launched The European Space Agency’s Hxera spacecraft launched on October 7, initiating an exciting exploration of an unusual asteroid. The solar system contains many thousands of small asteroid bodies, but the target here — 65803 Didymos, is a binary object spanning some 850 meters (about half a mile). The accompanying imageContinue reading "Universe, Discovered: Hera launches to asteroid crash scene"
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SpaceX Dragon cargo capsule arrives at ISS on 31st resupply mission (video)
The Moon meets Saturn: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher
In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to observe the Moon as it closely passes the Ringed Planet on the evening of November 10. Our natural satellite will be just past its First Quarter phase, while Saturn will glow nicely at magnitude 0.8. If you have a telescope and point it at Saturn, you’ll seeContinue reading "The Moon meets Saturn: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher"
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India delays its 1st-ever Gaganyaan astronaut launch to 2026
Space Force's mysterious X-37B begins 'aerobraking' to lower orbit. Here's how it works (video)
How do you vote from space? NASA astronauts cast 2024 election ballots from ISS
NASA's 15-year-old NEOWISE asteroid hunter meets fiery doom by burning up in Earth's atmosphere
Jupiter's moons hide giant subsurface oceans − Europa Clipper is one of 2 missions on their way to see if these moons could support life
'Star Wars: Legacy of Vader' follows Kylo Ren between 'The Last Jedi' and 'Rise of Skywalker'
Don't miss the Taurid meteor shower peak with colorful fireballs and shooting stars this week
Searching for Axions in Polarized Gas
Author(s): W. Michael Snow
By exploiting polarized-gas collisions, researchers have conducted a sensitive search for exotic spin-dependent interactions, placing new constraints on a dark matter candidate called the axion.
[Physics 17, 157] Published Mon Nov 04, 2024
Here are the nine sites where Artemis 3 might land on the Moon
It has been 52 years since Apollo 17 lifted off from the Taurus-Littrow Valley on the Moon. All the Apollo landing sites, starting with Tranquility Base on the Moon’s Sea of Tranquility, have been immortalized in print and film and are well known to space aficionados worldwide. But soon, another name will join the exclusiveContinue reading "Here are the nine sites where Artemis 3 might land on the Moon"
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'Alien vs. Predator' 20 years later: What went right and what went wrong?
How are long-exposure astrophotos made?
Many astrophotos feature exposures of 12 hours or more. Since nighttime darkness is only about this long, this implies multiple exposures on different nights. How does one set things up to get the exact same location, and avoid parallax error due to Earth’s rotation and orbit? Jose G. RieraSt. Augustine, Florida You are correct, manyContinue reading "How are long-exposure astrophotos made? "
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Boost for Mars life? Red Planet's magnetic field may have lasted longer than thought
SpaceX scrubs Starlink satellite launch due to apparent rocket helium leak
Watch SpaceX launch 3 tons of cargo to ISS today
See the moon snuggle up to Venus after sunset tonight
Astronomers urge FCC to halt satellite megaconstellation launches
Eye of the universe
Overall Photons: Andrea Iorio, Elisa Cuccu, Fernando Linsalata, Javier Caldera, Paul Montague, Carlos Uriarte Castillo, Darius Kopriva, Drew Evans, Bruno Rota Sargi, Blake Behrends, Manuel Alejandro Chavarría Silva, Phillip Hoppes, Jan Beranek, Roberto Volpini, Pier Mattia Basciano, Marco Finatti, Jeff Ratino, Vakhtang Khutsishvili, and Patrice Soom NGC 7293 — better known as the Helix NebulaContinue reading "Eye of the universe"
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Watch Rocket Lab launch mystery mission early on Nov. 5
Japan launches military communications satellite on 4th flight of H3 rocket (video)
Explore a long-lost Starfleet ghost ship in new 'Star Trek: Lower Decks' comic (exclusive)
Everything we know about 'Tron: Ares'
Chef Duff Goldman spins up moon-shaped cake for NASA 'Taste of Space'
'Cosmic inflation:' did the early cosmos balloon in size? A mirror universe going backwards in time may be a simpler explanation
China's Shenzhou 18 astronauts return to Earth after 6 months in space (video)
How Edwin Hubble won the Great Debate
By the dawn of the 20th century, not much had changed in the 400 years since Galileo’s discovery of the four jovian moons and his confirmation of Copernicus’ Sun-centered solar system. Through the early 1900s, astronomers disagreed on whether the universe was home to a multitude of galaxies, so-called “island universes,” or contained entirely withinContinue reading "How Edwin Hubble won the Great Debate"
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SpaceX Crew-9 astronauts, including Boeing Starliner crew, fly Dragon spacecraft to new ISS parking spot (video)
Space isn’t all about the 'race' – rival superpowers must work together for a better future
Every upcoming Star Wars game officially announced
This Week In Space podcast: Episode 135 —The Spacer Pipeline
NASA astronaut captures city lights streaking below ISS in stunning new photos
Black holes that form in 'reverse Big Bang replays' could account for dark energy
'Boo Deng' steals the show at NASA JPL's annual pumpkin carving contest (photos)
China's Shenzhou 19 astronauts take the reins of Tiangong space station (video)
Chandra X-ray telescope, facing chopping block, gets reprieve from NASA
Scientists breathed a collective sigh of relief last week when NASA announced that the Chandra X-ray Observatory had been spared the chopping block — at least for another year. It was an abrupt about-face from plans announced in March to decommission the space-based telescope by this December. Much of the credit for the 11th-hour stayContinue reading "Chandra X-ray telescope, facing chopping block, gets reprieve from NASA"
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'Alien signal' sent from Mars decoded by father-daughter team
Watch Jude Law lead lost kids across the galaxy in new 'Star Wars: Skeleton Crew' trailer
Hubble watches neutron stars collide and explode to create black hole and 'birth atoms'
Opinion: An international affairs expert breaks down Harris and Trump’s records on space policy
The next president of the United States could be the first in that office to accept a phone call from the Moon and hear a woman’s voice on the line. To do so, they’ll first need to make a series of strategic space policy decisions. They’ll also need a little luck. Enormous government investment supports outerContinue reading "Opinion: An international affairs expert breaks down Harris and Trump’s records on space policy"
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Which is better, Black Friday or Cyber Monday?
Satellites watch devastating floods in Spain from space (photos)
'Stargate' 30 years later: Roland Emmerich's flawed sci-fi classic remains a refreshing watch
X-class Halloween solar flare erupts from sun, causes radio blackouts (video)
Can we solve the satellite air pollution problem? Here are 4 possible fixes
How to Move Multiple Ions in Two Dimensions
Author(s): Mark Buchanan
A scheme that moves electromagnetically trapped ions around a 2D array of sites could aid development of scaled-up ion-based quantum computing.
[Physics 17, 159] Published Fri Nov 01, 2024
Gales of November
Bob Fera/Steve Mandel, taken from Sierra Remote Observatories, California The Sailboat Cluster (NGC 225) is an open star cluster in Cassiopeia; its common name was given to it by Astronomy contributor Rodney Pommier for the visual pattern of its stars. (If you can’t see the sailboat, try tilting your head slightly to the right.) TheContinue reading "Gales of November"
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NASA astronaut Suni Williams sends Happy Diwali wishes from ISS (video)
Here’s how ISS astronauts will vote in the 2024 election
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) orbit the Earth hundreds of miles above American soil. But that doesn’t mean they can’t vote while they float. Indeed, Boeing Starliner astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams—who have been in the orbital laboratory since June after their test mission was extended due to safety concerns—said they intend to cast their ballots in theContinue reading "Here’s how ISS astronauts will vote in the 2024 election"
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'Interstellar' fireballs likely came from within our solar system, study suggests
Explore Jupiter's icy ocean moon Europa in NASA virtual tour (photos)
Perseverance rover watches 'googly eye' solar eclipse from Mars (video)
Bringing the Sun to light
For thousands of years, humans have worshipped the Sun. Our ancestors built monuments and temples to it, and used it to mark the annual cycle of seasons. For ancient Egyptians, their most important god, Re, was the personification of the Sun itself. Today, we are no less in thrall to the wonders and mysteries ofContinue reading "Bringing the Sun to light"
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November's new moon makes a close pass to Venus
Icy moon of Uranus may have once hid watery secret, Voyager 2 archives reveal
November 2024: What’s in the sky this month? Mars and Jupiter are improving, while Uranus reaches opposition
November brings many sights to explore, including Mercury in the early evening, Mars brightening, and the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn adding to the spectacle. Jupiter in particular is reaching its best apparition in a decade for Northern Hemisphere observers. Let’s start soon after sunset. Mercury hugs the southwest horizon and remains easily visible throughoutContinue reading "November 2024: What’s in the sky this month? Mars and Jupiter are improving, while Uranus reaches opposition"
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The Sky This Week from November 1 to 8: Valles Marineris comes into view
Friday, November 1New Moon occurs this morning at 8:47 A.M. EDT. The planet Mercury is now becoming visible, low in the evening sky. If you have a clear view southwest, you may catch the planet some 30 minutes after sunset, hanging just 2° above the horizon. Although bright at magnitude –0.3, it may be difficultContinue reading "The Sky This Week from November 1 to 8: Valles Marineris comes into view"
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Boeing can recover from its Starliner troubles, but it can’t afford any other misfires
Arecibo telescope was doomed by hurricane damage and human failures, says report
Puerto Rico’s Arecibo Observatory was felled by the combination of a hurricane, an equipment failure never before seen in the annals of engineering, and an “alarming” lack of concern from engineers and inspectors when crucial support cables were seen slipping out of their sockets years before the main platform of the famed radio telescope cameContinue reading "Arecibo telescope was doomed by hurricane damage and human failures, says report"
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Earth sure looks spooky in these 'hyperspectral' images from Europe's Hera asteroid probe
How Earth’s Magnetic Field Influences Flows in the Planet’s Core
Author(s): Rachel Berkowitz
A “Little Earth Experiment” inside a giant magnet sheds light on so-far-unexplained flow patterns in Earth’s interior.
[Physics 17, 142] Published Thu Oct 31, 2024
India targets 2028 for Chandrayaan-4 sample-return mission to moon's south pole
Stare into the 'blood-soaked eyes' of 2 spooky galaxies in new Hubble, JWST images (video)
'Star Trek: Lower Decks' Season 5 episode 3: Why are nanites causing havoc in a luxury space hotel?
Dark Wolf Nebula shows off a howling good view in awesome Halloween image (video)
North Korea launches intercontinental ballistic missile to space, reaches record altitude
A New Twist on Stellarator Design
Author(s): Rachel Berkowitz
Breaking the problem into pieces makes it easier to design a fusion reactor’s coils for optimum energy confinement.
[Physics 17, s124] Published Thu Oct 31, 2024
Ejected Electron Slows Molecule’s Rotation
Author(s): David Ehrenstein
Sometimes a rotating molecule can transition to a new state only if an electron carries away some of the molecule’s angular momentum.
[Physics 17, s134] Published Thu Oct 31, 2024
Dark matter might live in a dense haze around stellar corpses
Fight space ghosts as an astronaut cat in spooky Halloween 2024 Google Doodle
Comets, supermoon, northern lights, oh my! Amazing photos of the celestial Halloween treats of October 2024
The Lego Black Panther building set is over $100 off pre-Black Friday
Happy Dark Matter Day! Meet the usual — and unusual — suspects in this cosmic mystery
Will China return Mars samples to Earth before the US does?
Boo!
Jeff Schilling from Houston, Texas The star Gamma (γ) Cassiopeia sets aglow the interstellar clouds of IC 63 and IC 59, which appear like a ghost and its tail, respectively. This imager used a 5-inch refractor to take exposures in HαRGB filters of 5.4, 2, 2, and 2 hours, respectively.
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Can 'failed stars' have planets? James Webb Space Telescopes offers clues
NASA astronaut snaps spooky photo of SpaceX Dragon capsule from ISS
Apollo 11 moonwalker Buzz Aldrin endorses Trump for president
Astrophotographer captures comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS growing an anti-tail (photos)
SpaceX launches 23 Starlink satellites from Florida (video, photos)
Tales of the Sun: From myth to modern science
For all of human history, the Sun has served as a great constant in daily life. As this brilliant orb blazes across the sky, it sustaind life, provides harmonious rhythms to our world, and marks the continuous passage of time. It is no wonder that curious minds have always sought to explain both the Sun’sContinue reading "Tales of the Sun: From myth to modern science"
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NASA announces 9 possible moon landing sites for Artemis 3 lunar mission
Strange green spots on Mars found by NASA's Perseverance rover (photo)
Can Classical Worlds Emerge from Parallel Quantum Universes?
Author(s): Michael J. W. Hall
Simulations deliver hints on how the multiverse produced according to the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics might be compatible with our stable, classical Universe.
[Physics 17, 155] Published Wed Oct 30, 2024
Voyager 1 spacecraft phones home with transmitter that hasn't been used since 1981
Debris from satellite breakup threatens other spacecraft, animation shows
Cubesats on Europe's Hera asteroid mission phone home after Oct. 7 launch
Saturn's moon Titan may have a 6-mile-thick crust of methane ice — could life be under there?
Watch a zombie star feed on its companion
“Watch out for rambunctious stars. They are trouble,” says Astronomy Editor David Eicher. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) just published a new photograph showing the stunning masterpiece that is R Aquarii, lying about 700 light-years away in the constellation Aquarius the Water-bearer. It is an uncommon type of binary star system displaying chaotic behavior andContinue reading "Watch a zombie star feed on its companion"
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NASA to resume ISS spacewalks in 2025 after spacesuit leak
1st image of our Milky Way's black hole may be inaccurate, scientists say
NASA's Perseverance rover gets stunning view of big Mars crater from slippery slope (video, photos)
China launches 3 astronauts to Tiangong space station on Shenzhou 19 mission (video)
6 reasons not to buy in the Black Friday sales
NASA faces tough decisions on Orion capsule's heat shield for Artemis moon missions
Predicting Droplet Size in Sprays
Author(s): Rachel Berkowitz
A new model of liquid sprays reveals the mechanisms behind droplet formation—providing important information for eventually controlling the droplet sizes in, for example, home cleaning sprays.
[Physics 17, 158] Published Tue Oct 29, 2024
NASA delays budget-cut decision about Hubble and Chandra space telescopes
'First tree on Mars:' Scientists measure greenhouse effect needed to terraform Red Planet
Probing the Rotational Doppler Effect with a Single Ion
Author(s): Charles Day
A light beam with orbital angular momentum can produce the rotational analog of the Doppler effect on an ion.
[Physics 17, s133] Published Tue Oct 29, 2024
How Yerkes Observatory started over
The town of Williams Bay, Wisconsin is much like any other small city on a lake, with an offering of tourist shops and an active beach. But just a short drive past the activity brings you to Yerkes Observatory. Behind an opening of trees stands a sprawling, grand estate with a well-manicured lawn and aContinue reading "How Yerkes Observatory started over"
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Key Atlantic current could collapse soon, 'impacting the entire world for centuries to come,' leading climate scientists warn
Watch China launch Shenzhou-19 astronauts to Tiangong space station today (video)
Distorted galaxy whizzes through crowded cluster in new Hubble Telescope image
Who's in your commercial? Capital One ad stars (unnamed) astronaut
7 underrated horror films for Halloween — and their cosmic counterparts
Astronomers find a mini black hole
Astronomers have discovered a lightweight black hole that’s a bit of a cosmic conundrum. Hypothetically, black hole masses can range all the way from far less than a paperclip to at least tens of billions of times more than the Sun. But observations have revealed a strange scarcity of black holes between about two andContinue reading "Astronomers find a mini black hole"
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NASA chief says talks between Elon Musk, Vladimir Putin would be 'concerning'
SpaceX launching 20 Starlink internet satellites from California on Oct. 30
SpaceX's Starship booster was '1 second away' from aborting epic launch-tower catch
Boeing considers selling its space business, including Starliner: report
Mysterious features on asteroid Vesta may be explained by saltwater
Ring of fire
Vikas Chander, taken from Observatorio El Sauce, Chile NGC 1291 (also cataloged as NGC 1269) lies 33 million light-years away in Eridanus. At 12 billion years old, the galaxy has lost most of its spiral structure and matured into a transitional state — yet it has an outer ring that still forming stars, appearing blue inContinue reading "Ring of fire"
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'Venom: The Last Dance' is a fun and fitting farewell to Tom Hardy's alien antics (review)
Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi reunite in Marvel Comics' 'Star Wars: Jedi Knights'
Watch comet ATLAS burn up as it flies into the sun (video)
For sale: One Boeing space program, says report
The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday that Boeing is getting out of the space business — or trying to. Part of a wider move to trim and improve business holdings and operations, the company is looking to offload its space program, assuming it can find a suitable buyer. Boeing has been one of NASA’sContinue reading "For sale: One Boeing space program, says report"
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SpaceX Crew-8 astronaut released from hospital, returns to Houston
Both Harris and Trump have records on space policy − an international affairs expert examines where they differ when it comes to the final frontier
Artemis 2 astronauts train for emergencies with Orion spacecraft ahead of 2025 moon launch (photos)
Observe the Andromeda Galaxy: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher
In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to observe one of the most famous deep-sky objects, the Andromeda Galaxy, also known as Messier 31 (M31). Named for its location in the constellation Andromeda the Princess, M31 lies some 2.5 million light-years from Earth. While sharp-eyed observers can see it without optical aid, binoculars and telescopes giveContinue reading "Observe the Andromeda Galaxy: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher"
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Quantum Coherence Boosts Quantum Work
Author(s): Eric Lutz
By manipulating a nitrogen vacancy’s single spin, researchers have shown that the more coherent the system is, the more work can be extracted from it.
[Physics 17, 154] Published Mon Oct 28, 2024
New 'secret' Predator movie coming alongside 'Badlands' in 2025
30 years of polar climate data converted into menacing, 6-minute song
Astronomers find out the first known brown dwarf is actually twins
In 1995, a parallel race was on in astronomy — one to find the first planet beyond our own solar system, and the other to find the first brown dwarf, a class of object too heavy to be a planet, but below the mass of a star. Astronomers ended up publishing the discovery of theContinue reading "Astronomers find out the first known brown dwarf is actually twins"
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