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Spiderweb protocluster is filled with baby galaxies, James Webb Space Telescope reveals (image)
What was the War of the Thinking Machines in 'Dune: Prophecy'?
James Webb Space Telescope discovers 4th exoplanet in sweet triple 'super puff' star system
Enter the Mechanical Qubit
Author(s): Susan Curtis
The demonstration of the first fully functioning mechanical qubit offers a new platform for quantum information processing and could lead to ultraprecise gravity sensors.
[Physics 17, 172] Published Wed Dec 04, 2024
Asteroid the size of 3 million elephants zooms past Earth
Proba-3 launches tomorrow, ready to eclipse the Sun
In a fabulous feat of formation flying, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Proba-3 mission, now set to launch Thursday morning, will fly two spacecraft 490 feet (150 meters, or one and a half football fields) apart, at a precision of just 0.04 inch (1 millimeter) — the width of a human fingernail. The launch isContinue reading "Proba-3 launches tomorrow, ready to eclipse the Sun"
The post Proba-3 launches tomorrow, ready to eclipse the Sun appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
Trump picks billionaire private SpaceX astronaut Jared Isaacman to lead NASA
Solar maximum just knocked 3 satellites out of orbit. Here's why more may be on the way.
Behold! These gorgeous never-before-seen space images are from a NASA space telescope that should have died long ago
A Toroidal Mode in an Excited Nucleus
Author(s): Charles Day
Nuclear scattering data suggest the possible observation of a predicted but never-observed nuclear vibration.
[Physics 17, s146] Published Wed Dec 04, 2024
Why we can't just name a quasi-moon 'Moony McMoonface'
See the moon and Venus take a sunset stroll through the night sky tonight
Watch Europe's Vega-C rocket launch Dec. 5 after delay, on 1st flight since 2022 (video)
Will the International Space Station's 2031 death dive cause pollution problems?
SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launches on record-breaking 24th flight (video)
'Ahsoka' season 1 and 'The Mandalorian' season 3 get stunning 4K steelbook releases
India delays launch of European Proba-3 satellites to Dec. 5 to create artificial eclipses in space. Watch the liftoff live
Inside the Hubble Space Telescope's 23-year-long look at a beautiful blue galaxy
December 2024: What’s in the Southern Hemisphere sky this month?
You don’t want to miss Jupiter this month. The giant planet reaches opposition and peak visibility December 7 against the stunning backdrop of Taurus the Bull. Shining at magnitude –2.8, Jupiter dominates the northeastern sky once darkness falls. Although the gas giant lies well north of the celestial equator — less than optimal for usContinue reading "December 2024: What’s in the Southern Hemisphere sky this month?"
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Directive 8020: Everything we know about Supermassive's sci-fi horror game
Get a sneak peek at 'Star Trek' illustrated short story anthology beaming up later this month (exclusive)
Top Videos Include Evaporating Drops and Ocean Bubbles
Author(s): David Ehrenstein
Prize-winning videos cover the range from microscopic droplets to global climate.
[Physics 17, 171] Published Tue Dec 03, 2024
'Galaxy Quest' blasts back onto our screens with 25th anniversary Blu-ray release
Are planet-killing black holes hiding inside your cat?
Building blocks: How China plans to make bricks on the moon for lunar habitats
Tiny asteroid detected hours before hitting Earth to become 4th 'imminent impactor' of 2024
The shape of light: Scientists reveal image of an individual photon for 1st time ever
Alignment of Cells Affects Secondary Tumor Growth
Author(s): Rachel Berkowitz
Cell–cell alignment and a background of stationary cells together shape the emergence of cellular clusters in a primary tumor.
[Physics 17, s141] Published Tue Dec 03, 2024
'Star Wars: Skeleton Crew' episodes 1 & 2: What's the secret of At Attin?
Handle on history: Knives embedded with rocket parts honor 45 years of Ariane launches
Mysterious fast radio bursts could be caused by asteroids slamming into dead stars
Is it time to rename the Hubble constant?
Most people associate the discovery that faraway galaxies are receding from us — and thus, that the universe is expanding — with Edwin Hubble, thanks to his landmark 1929 paper. It was one of the most fundamental discoveries in the history of science. But Hubble did not discover the expansion. In the 1910s, a LowellContinue reading "Is it time to rename the Hubble constant?"
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Could dark matter have been forged in a 'Dark Big Bang?'
Cosmic rays could help assess hidden war damage in Ukraine
What is Vega’s smooth-surface secret?
Vega, located in the constellation Lyra, is the fifth-brightest star in the night sky. It is known to be surrounded a disk of particle debris that’s almost 100 billion miles (160 billion kilometers) in diameter. The star and its orbiting disk have been photographed countless times by several observatories and satellites, although it was onlyContinue reading "What is Vega’s smooth-surface secret?"
The post What is Vega’s smooth-surface secret? appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
Tsuchinshan, take a bow
Hao Liu, taken in Nanjing, China The name Tsuchinshan was on world’s lips this year when Comet C/2023 A3 — otherwise known as Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS — burst into naked-eye view. The name refers to Tuschinshan Observatory (or Purple Mountain Observatory), whose facility in Xuyi was the first to discover the comet. In this image, theContinue reading "Tsuchinshan, take a bow"
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Broken water pipe knocks out data processing for NASA sun-studying spacecraft
BepiColombo probe captures haunting Mercury image on 5th of 6 gravity assist flybys (photo)
Did Venus ever have oceans to support life, or was it 'born hot'?
7 hours to go! Lowest price Nikon binoculars are FINALLY cheaper on Cyber Monday
SETI tracks distorted signals from distant pulsars with data from destroyed Arecibo Observatory
Does dark matter affect our solar system?
Why do we not see effects of dark matter in our solar system and other nearby star systems? Curran RodeAmmannsville, Texas Dark matter refers to material that does not absorb, reflect, or emit any electromagnetic radiation. Astronomers have ascertained the existence of dark matter through the gravitational influence it exerts over visible matter. In fact,Continue reading "Does dark matter affect our solar system?"
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Strange "quasi-moon" of Earth will get one of these 7 names
Venus may never have had oceans
The story of the inner early Solar System goes something like this: Billions of years ago, there were three rocky worlds with oceans of liquid water. Perhaps all three could have been primed for life. But as Mars lost its atmosphere and Venus’ atmosphere experienced a runaway greenhouse effect, only Earth could support life byContinue reading "Venus may never have had oceans"
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'Halo 2' 20 years later: The sequel that changed gaming forever
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There are 4000 reasons you should grab this Cyber Monday beginner drone deal
Satellites spy red-hot lava threaten Iceland's Blue Lagoon
The Moon passes Saturn: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher
In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to observe the Moon passing by Saturn on the evening of December 7. Both objects at the time will be in the constellation Aquarius the Water-bearer. The Moon will be 43 percent illuminated, or nearly at its First Quarter phase. The Ringed Planet will lie 4 degrees toContinue reading "The Moon passes Saturn: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher"
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Fruit flies in space! Chinese astronauts show off experiment on Tiangong space station (video)
Laser-Based Tuning of Light–Matter Interactions
Author(s): Philip Ball
A new method for controlling the interactions between ultracold atoms and light could advance efforts to simulate complex quantum systems using atom clouds.
[Physics 17, 170] Published Mon Dec 02, 2024
Sagittarius Galaxy Found Not Guilty
Author(s): Ryan Wilkinson
A new analysis challenges the claim that a gamma-ray signal observed from a direction near the Milky Way’s center is produced by a dwarf galaxy.
[Physics 17, s147] Published Mon Dec 02, 2024
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China reveals secrets of 1st sample taken from the far side of the moon — and it contains a volcanic surprise
Hubble Telescope peeks at star with planet-forming disk that gets 3 times hotter than the sun
Watch Jupiter’s moons in action this month
It may be cold this month, but now is a great time to get outside and explore Jupiter’s beauty and might. The fifth planet will not only reach opposition on Dec. 7, it will also be at perigee (closest to Earth) on Dec. 6, putting on its biggest and brightest show of the year. KnownContinue reading "Watch Jupiter’s moons in action this month"
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Where's the Blaze Star? Why the overdue 'new star' T Coronae Borealis has yet to light up the night sky
'Dune: Prophecy:' 'Sisterhood Above All:' Are Valya and Tula hiding forbidden technology?
World's 2nd fastest supercomputer runs largest-ever simulation of the universe
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Festive astronomy products for everyone on your list
Universal manual Penguin Random HouseNew York, NY The beauty and science of space combine in the book Smithsonian Atlas of Space. This 400-page hardback, created by NASA’s Chief Historian Roger D. Launius, features illustrations, maps, and images detailing humanity’s understanding of the universe from ancient times to modern day. It also includes profiles of someContinue reading "Festive astronomy products for everyone on your list"
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Declassified spy satellite images reveal 1,400-year-old battle site in Iraq that set off the Muslim conquest
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New moon December 2024: A young moon passes Venus
December 2024: What’s in the sky this month? Jupiter reaches its best Northern Hemisphere opposition in a decade
Jupiter reaches its best apparition in a decade for northern observers and offers a wealth of detail. Joining in late evening is brilliant Mars, now a month from opposition. Saturn is visible in the early evening, along with Venus soon after sunset. Uranus and Neptune remain visible with binoculars, and Mercury makes a fine morningContinue reading "December 2024: What’s in the sky this month? Jupiter reaches its best Northern Hemisphere opposition in a decade"
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I'm a pro astronomer and have been skywatching for over 25 years. These are the best Black Friday telescope deals I've seen so far
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NASA's next-gen Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope gets its powerful eye (photos)
Need a hand?
Behyar Bakhshandeh from Carlsbad, California Resembling an outstretched hand, the Helping Hand in Cassiopeia consists of the dark nebulae LDN 1355/7/8, which overlie a region of reflection nebulosity cataloged as LBN 643. This imager took 9 hours of exposure on a 4.2-inch scope in LRGB filters.
The post Need a hand? appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
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See Jupiter at its best
If you have a telescope, or access to one, now’s the time to point it at Jupiter. The largest planet in our solar system reaches opposition December 7. That means it’s directly opposite the Sun from our viewpoint here on Earth. It rises at sunset, sets at sunrise, and is visible all night. During theContinue reading "See Jupiter at its best"
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Voyager 1 interstellar spacecraft finds its voice again as NASA restores communications
James Webb Space Telescope explores monster star supercluster Westerlund 1 (image)
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Firecrown opens revolutionary Space Store in Chattanooga
Chattanooga, Tennessee, is a favorite city of mine. Not only is it an incredibly beautiful place, with Moccasin Bend in the Tennessee River tucked near the downtown area, but breathtaking views of the whole region await from the towering plateaus of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, arranged neatly around the city’s perimeter. Moreover, for aContinue reading "Firecrown opens revolutionary Space Store in Chattanooga"
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What is Tiran-Arafel in Dune: Prophecy?
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The Sky This Week from November 29 to December 6: The Moon meets Venus
Friday, November 29Pegasus the Winged Horse might be the most well-known horse-themed star pattern in the sky, but he is not alone. Once you find Pegasus, slowly sinking in the west this evening after sunset, next locate Enif, the star that typically is drawn marking Pegasus’ nose or mouth. Just below (west of) this starContinue reading "The Sky This Week from November 29 to December 6: The Moon meets Venus"
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The fastest-moving stars in the galaxy may be piloted by intelligent aliens, new paper suggests
How the Moon can save Earth
Through the ages, humans have tried to preserve their knowledge and treasures in various repositories, and some of those storehouses have been massive in scale. The library of Ashurbanipal, assembled 700 years before the life of Jesus of Nazareth, is the oldest known collection of human knowledge. Ashurbanipal located his collection of 30,000 cuneiform tabletsContinue reading "How the Moon can save Earth"
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No small task
Team ShaRA; data acquired via Chilescope in Rio Hurtado, Chile The latest collaborative processing effort from Team ShaRA targets the Small Magellanic Cloud, working with 13.7 hours of data captured with a cooled CCD camera and 200mm f/2 Nikon lens operated by the Chilescope service. Numerous star-forming emission nebulae are visible, as are details inContinue reading "No small task"
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5 galaxies in perfect alignment challenge our best model of the universe
How to Pop a Microscopic Cork
Author(s): Charles Day
Researchers used machine learning to optimize the process by which a tiny cage is opened to release a molecule.
[Physics 17, 169] Published Wed Nov 27, 2024
Programming a Crystal Defect with Light
Author(s): Rachel Berkowitz
Forces imposed by laser light can manipulate the shape of a membrane’s vibrational modes.
[Physics 17, s148] Published Wed Nov 27, 2024
Thanksgiving night sky 2024: Venus, Jupiter and Saturn stay for dessert
Save $980 on one of Unistellar's best telescopes this Black Friday
Near Space Labs launches fleet of AI-powered balloon robots to track Earth climate risks
How astronauts celebrate Thanksgiving in space
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station may be far from family and friends this Thanksgiving, but will still enjoy a festive meal. The SpaceX CRS-31 supply mission that docked Nov. 5 carried some 2,119 pounds (961 kilograms) of crew supplies. Among those supplies are holiday treats for the eight astronauts currently manning the station, whichContinue reading "How astronauts celebrate Thanksgiving in space"
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The Sombrero Galaxy doffs its cap to the power of JWST
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) shows off its infrared capabilities once again in new imaging of the well-known Sombrero Galaxy, otherwise known as Messier 104. By resolving the thickly textured dust clouds in the outer disk and toning down the brilliant central star glow, JWST shows a whole new side of the famous galaxy.Continue reading "The Sombrero Galaxy doffs its cap to the power of JWST"
The post The Sombrero Galaxy doffs its cap to the power of JWST appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
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Magnetic tornadoes on Jupiter are spawning Earth-size storms
International Space Station dodges 2nd piece of space junk in 6 days
'Knights of the Old Republic II' at 20: The key to Star Wars' future is found in its past
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How Magnetic Waves Become Heat in Earth’s Magnetosphere
Author(s): Charles Day
Observations confirm a theoretical model explaining how—in Earth’s magnetosphere—large-scale magnetic waves heat up the magnetosphere’s plasma by transferring their energy to smaller-scale acoustic waves.
[Physics 17, 168] Published Tue Nov 26, 2024
ISS astronauts open hatch to Russian spacecraft after strange smell delays cargo delivery
NASA picks SpaceX, Blue Origin to fly lunar rover and habitat to the Moon
NASA has picked SpaceX and Blue Origin to deliver a lunar rover and habitat to the moon within the next decade. The space agency last week announced it will assign two lunar cargo demonstration missions—one to each partner—under the companies’ contracts to build human landing systems (HLS) for the Artemis moon mission program. SpaceX and Blue Origin are working under multibillion-dollar dealsContinue reading "NASA picks SpaceX, Blue Origin to fly lunar rover and habitat to the Moon"
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Earth's mini-moon has finally departed. Will it ever return as a 'second moon?'
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'Flame-throwing' Guitar Nebula's concert caught by Hubble and Chandra space telescopes (video)
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This black hole is gulping material 40 times faster than the theoretical limit
For decades, astronomers have puzzled over how the supermassive black holes residing in the center of galaxies form. Now, researchers may have found the biggest clue yet to how these monstrous objects — weighing millions of solar masses — came to exist. An international team used the James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) high sensitivity toContinue reading "This black hole is gulping material 40 times faster than the theoretical limit"
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Erbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array
Author(s): David Ehrenstein
Erbium and similar elements provide a wide range of electronic “handles” for manipulating atoms in many-body quantum experiments.
[Physics 17, s151] Published Tue Nov 26, 2024
'Hidden black hole' devouring curious star exposed by new X-ray space telescope
Scientists are updating chemistry models to track down life on icy moons
On the plate
Michael Sussman/Warren Keller The Fish Head Nebula (IC 1795) lies at the corner of the Heart Nebula (Sharpless 2–190) in Cassiopeia, forming a large stellar nursery laced with dark dust lanes. The imagers collected 27.6 hours of data in SHO filters with a 5-inch scope.
The post On the plate appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
Mars may have made its 2 moons by ripping an asteroid apart
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A super-Earth beyond Mars would have made Earth nearly uninhabitable
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The Sombrero Galaxy's star-forming days are nearly over — and the James Webb Space Telescope may know why
How does spaceflight affect astronauts' brains? There's good news and bad
Neptune and Uranus have a magnetic mystery — but the case may finally be cracked
Uranus and Neptune have weird magnetic fields — this might be why
In 1986 and 1989, Voyager 2 made the final two stops on its grand tour of the outer solar system when it swept by Uranus and Neptune, respectively. Now, nearly 40 years later, the archive of data the craft collected is still returning unexpected results. In a paper published today in PNAS, astronomer Burkhard MilitzerContinue reading "Uranus and Neptune have weird magnetic fields — this might be why"
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'Unexpected odor' on Russian spacecraft delays cargo delivery for ISS astronauts
James Webb Space Telescope 'pushed to its limits' to see most distant galaxies ever
'We didn't know what it was at first.' NASA aircraft uncovers site of secret Cold War nuclear missile tunnels under Greenland ice sheet
How do astronauts weigh themselves in space?
Chang’e 6 shakes up our knowledge of the Moon’s farside
China’s lunar exploration program continues to rack up impressive scientific results. Their methodical progression of lunar orbiters, landers, and sample return missions display a consistent national effort to explore and understand the Moon in the 21st century. Unlike the early American and Russian lunar probes at the dawn of the Space Age that often endedContinue reading "Chang’e 6 shakes up our knowledge of the Moon’s farside"
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Firefly Aerospace completes Blue Ghost moon lander for January 2025 SpaceX launch
Scientists find highest energy cosmic ray electrons ever seen
Measuring the Spectrum of High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Electrons
Author(s): Carmelo Evoli
A new analysis of more than a decade’s worth of observations extends the spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons to unprecedented high energies.
[Physics 17, 165] Published Mon Nov 25, 2024
'Dune: Prophecy:' What's the deal with Desmond Hart's demonic powers?
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Strange 'zebra' patterns are coming from the Crab Nebula — this physicist finally figured out why
How long would it take for an observer using binoculars to notice the Moon’s terminator moving?
With the Moon’s terminator moving almost 10 mph (16 km/h) across its equator, how long would it take for an observer using binoculars to notice a change in lunar features? Gary GarcharSan Jose, California The lunar terminator, the sunset/sunrise line that sweeps across the Moon’s surface as the Moon orbits Earth, travels at a rateContinue reading "How long would it take for an observer using binoculars to notice the Moon’s terminator moving?"
The post How long would it take for an observer using binoculars to notice the Moon’s terminator moving? appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
NASA satellites reveal Earth's continents are getting drier
The moon eclipses bright blue star Spica this week. Here's how to see it
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This Week In Space podcast: Episode 138 —From the Garage to Mars
'Forbidden Planet' is one of the most influential sci-fi films of all time, and it's getting a remake
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Dark energy sheds light on life in the cosmos
In the 1960s, celebrated radio astronomer Frank Drake proposed his eponymous equation, which attempted to wrangle with the probability of finding extraterrestrial life — at least, the kind that we could identify through radio broadcasts — somewhere out there in the universe. One of the key parameters of that formulation is the rate of starContinue reading "Dark energy sheds light on life in the cosmos"
The post Dark energy sheds light on life in the cosmos appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
Blue Origin's powerful New Glenn rocket rises on the pad ahead of 1st launch (photo)
Precise new moon map could help guide future sample-return missions
Did alien life exist in hot water on Mars billions of years ago?
The Lion’s markings
David Gluchowski, taken from Brooklyn, New York The Lion Nebula (Sharpless 2–132) is a faint emission nebula lit by young hot stars; their winds and radiation are expanding outward, forming shock waves that comprise many of the lion’s features. This shot also accentuates the play of light and shadow around the lion’s “head”. The imagerContinue reading "The Lion’s markings"
The post The Lion’s markings appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
Lunar Google Doodle celebrates half-lit third quarter moon each month with interactive card game
2-million-mile-per-hour galactic crash reawakens a dangerous 'cosmic crossroads'
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String theory is not dead yet
Scientists seeking the secrets of the universe would like to make a model that shows how all of nature’s forces and particles fit together. It would be nice to do it with Legos. But perhaps a better bet would be connecting everything with strings. Not literal strings, of course — but tiny loops or snippetsContinue reading "String theory is not dead yet"
The post String theory is not dead yet appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
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Flexible Semiconductor Made from Hydrogel
Author(s): Sachin Rawat
A new recipe for making hydrogels delivers a material that is both flexible and semiconducting—desired properties for interfaces in implantable medical devices.
[Physics 17, 167] Published Fri Nov 22, 2024
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Unusual black hole light bursts puzzle astronomers: 'We are finding a lot of weird stuff'
JWST spots more light than expected in the early universe
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is well-known for discovering young, bright galaxies in the very early universe. How such regions, bursting with stars, formed so quickly and survived is enticing researchers to rethink cosmic evolution. A recent study published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters uses JWST data to probeContinue reading "JWST spots more light than expected in the early universe"
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The Sky This Week from November 22 to 29: Venus lingers long after sunset
Friday, November 22Last Quarter Moon occurs at 8:28 P.M. EST, leaving most of the evening dark for deep-sky observing. About two hours after sunset, you’ll find the Great Square of Pegasus high in the southeastern sky. The Winged Horse is home to a fabulous globular cluster, M15, which just barely hits naked-eye magnitude at 6.2.Continue reading "The Sky This Week from November 22 to 29: Venus lingers long after sunset"
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SpaceX likely to get FAA approval for 25 Starship launches in 2025
Uranus may not have a weird magnetic field after all
In 1986, Voyager 2 flew by the ice giant Uranus. It was humanity’s first close-up view of the outer planet, and it remains the closest any spacecraft has ever come. On this trip, the spacecraft found 10 previously undiscovered moons, two rings, and a truly bizarre magnetic field that has baffled scientists ever since. MostContinue reading "Uranus may not have a weird magnetic field after all"
The post Uranus may not have a weird magnetic field after all appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
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Sharpening the B-Meson Anomalies
Author(s): Charles Day
A new analysis of B-meson decays strongly hints that they harbor physics beyond the standard model.
[Physics 17, s142] Published Thu Nov 21, 2024
Spin Control in a Levitating Diamond
Author(s): Ryan Wilkinson
By manipulating and detecting nuclear spins in a tiny floating diamond, scientists have reported a record-long spin coherence time for a levitated system.
[Physics 17, s143] Published Thu Nov 21, 2024
'Star Trek: Lower Decks' Season 5 episode 6: Is Ensign Olly really a demigod?
Will astronauts need to be rescued from the moon? NASA wants to be prepared just in case
How Comet ATLAS fizzled out
When comet C/2024 S1 (ATLAS) was first discovered in late September, it was almost immediately identified as a member of the Kreutz family of Sun-grazing comets. But it was highly unusual for a Kreutz comet — virtually all of these are only discovered in their last hours or days of existence, as they plunge towardContinue reading "How Comet ATLAS fizzled out"
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Star imaged in detail outside the Milky Way for the 1st time (image, video)
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خاموشی دور از انتظار؟
با استفاده از مطالعهی جمعیت ستارهای۱ کهکشانها میتوان آنها را به دو دستهی کلی ستارهزا۲ و غیرستارهزا یا خاموش۳ طبقهبندی کرد. دستهی اول شامل کهکشانهایی است که جوان و در حال ستارهزایی هستند و دستهی دوم کهکشانهایی را شامل میشود که ستارهزایی در آنها متوقف شده است و جمعیت ستارهای پیرتری دارند. یکی از اهداف اصلی تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب۴، پاسخ به یکی از چالشبرانگیزترین سوالات در مطالعهی ساختار و تحول کهکشانها است: چگونگی شکلگیری سریع جرم کهکشانها در یک بازهی زمانی بسیار کوتاه، پایان یافتن ستارهزایی آنها و قرار گرفتن آنها در دستهی خاموش یا غیرستارهزا.
بر اساس تئوریهای موجود در زمینهی تحول کهکشانها پیشبینی میشود که برای مصرف تمام گاز مورد نیاز برای ستارهزایی به زمانی از مرتبهی میلیارد سال نیاز است (هر چند عواملی مانند بادهای ستارهای۵، بازخورد هستهی فعال کهکشانی۶، ادغام۷ و برهمکنش با دیگر کهکشانها میتوانند این فرآیند را تسریع کنند). در نتیجه انتظار میرود با نگاه کردن به فواصل دورتر (نگاه به گذشته در زمان) شاهد تعداد کمتری از کهکشانهای خاموش باشیم.
نویسندگان این مقاله با استفاده از دادههای به دست آمده از طیفسنج فروسرخ نزدیک تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب (NIRSpec) حضور یک کهکشان خاموش به نام GS-9209 با جرم ستارهای نزدیک به ۳۸ میلیون برابر جرم خورشید در انتقال به سرخ ۴/۶۵۸، تنها ۱/۲۵ میلیارد سال بعد از انفجار بزرگ۸ را گزارش میکنند. بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده توسط این گروه به نظر میرسد تمام جرم ستارهای این کهکشان تنها در یک بازهی زمانی ۲۰۰ میلیون ساله، قبل از به پایان رسیدن فعالیت ستارهزایی در انتقال به سرخ ۶/۵ معادل با زمانی که عمر کیهان تنها ۸۰۰ میلیون سال بودهاست، تشکیل شده باشد.
در این مقاله، نویسندگان خطوط جذبی طیف کهکشان GS-9209 را مطالعه کردهاند. بررسی خطوط جذبی طیف کهکشانها، یکی از روشهای مطالعهی تاریخچهی خاموشی کهکشانهای ستارهزا است. تصویر۱ طیف کهکشان GS-9209 را که توسط تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب رصد شدهاست، نشان میدهد. این طیف در بازهی طول موجی۵/۱ -۱/۷میکرومتر قرار دارد که شامل تعداد زیادی خطوط جذبی بالمر۹ (خط جذبی حاصل از گذار الکترون از تراز۲ به ترازهای بالاتر) است. طیف به دست آمده از این کهکشان خاموش با حضور این خطوط جذبی بالمر شباهت بسیار زیادی به طیف ستارگان نوع A داشته که با استفاده از آنها میتوان تحولات ستارهزایی را در طول زمانی از مرتبهی حدود ۱۰۰ میلیون سال بررسی کرد. به بیان سادهتر، این ستارگان اطلاعات مربوط به تغییرات ستارهزایی در طی ۱۰۰ میلیون سال اخیر را در بر دارند. حضور این جمعیت ستارهای یادآور کهکشانهای پساستارهزا۱۰ در انتقال به سرخهای پایینتر و نشاندهندهی پایان ستارهزایی در یک بازهی کوتاه، در حدود طول عمر ستارگان نوع A بر روی رشتهی اصلی است. نویسندگان این مقاله برای تعیین عمق هر کدام از این خطوط جذبی پهنای-همعرض۱۱ این خطوط را گزارش میکنند (پهنای-همعرض معیاری است که شدت یک خط جذبی را توصیف میکند). مطالعهی پهنای-همعرض خطوط مشاهده شدهی جذبی سری بالمر و پهنشدگی نسبی خط نشری نیتروژن-۲ نسبت به خط نشری پهن شدهی هیدروژن-آلفا (حاصل از گذار الکترون برانگیخته از تراز ۳ به ۲) به ترتیب نمایانگر غالب بودن جمعیت ستارهای در پیوستار و حضور هستهی فعال کهکشانی است.
شکل ۱. طیف گرفتهشده از GS-9209 با استفاده از طیفسنج تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب در ناحیهی فروسرخ نزدیک. خط سیاه مدل به دست آمده از کد Bagpipes برای برازش بر روی خطوط جذبی و نشری موجود در طیف را نمایش میدهد. این کد با بهرهگیری از آمار بیز و همچنین در برداشتن فرضیات گسترده در مورد تاریخچهی ستارهزایی برای مدل سازی طیف کهکشانها استفاده میشود.
شکل ۲. نرخ ستارهزایی کهکشان GS-9209 بر اساس تابعی از زمان. طبق این نمودار، کهکشان GS-9209، عمدهی جمعیت ستارهای خود را طی یک بازهی زمانی ۲۰۰ میلیون ساله، از حدود ۶۰۰ تا ۸۰۰ میلیون سال پس از انفجار بزرگ شکل دادهاست.
مطالعات خط نشری پهن شدهی هیدروژن-آلفا و نیتروژن-۲ بر روی طیف کهکشان GS-9209 نشان میدهد که این کهکشان دربردارندهی یک ابرسیاهچاله۱۲ با جرمی ۴-۵ برابر جرم قابل انتظار برای کهکشانهایی با جرم ستارهای مشابه GS-9209 است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از بررسی تاریخچهی ستارهزایی در این کهکشان، میانگین نرخ ستارهزایی این کهکشان در ۱۰۰ میلیون سال گذشته تقریبا برابر با صفر است و این کهکشان را در دستهبندی غیرستارهزا قرار میدهد. بررسی بیشتر بر روی پیشینهی فعالیت این ابرسیاهچاله، بازخورد فعالیتهای ناشی از هستهی فعال کهکشانی را یکی از دلایل احتمالی برای توقف ستارهزایی در این کهکشان میداند. هستهی فعال کهکشانی باعث گرمایش گاز سرد (سوخت اصلی ستارهزایی) شده و کهکشانها را از حالت فعال ستارهزایی به حالت غیرفعال تبدیل میکند. GS-9209 یک نمونهی جالب توجه است که نشان میدهد تشکیل ساختارهای عظیمی مانند کهکشانها، در همان یک میلیارد سال اولیهی عالم و خاموشی ستارهزایی حداکثر تا ۸۰۰ میلیون سال بعد از انفجار بزرگ به خوبی صورت گرفتهاست.
۱. Stellar Population
۲. Star Forming
۳. Quiescent
۴. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
۵. Stellar Winds
۶.Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) Feedback
۷. Merger
۸. Big Bang
۹. Balmer Absorption Lines
۱۰. Post-Starburst Galaxies
۱۱. Equivalent Width
۱۲. Super Massive Blackhole
شکل بالای صفحه: گروه کهکشانی HCG 87. در این تصویر کهکشانهای ستارهزا و غیرستارهزا دیده میشوند. منبع: ویکیپدیا
عنوان اصلی مقاله: A massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.658
نویسندگان: Adam C. Carnall et al
لینک اصلی مقاله: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.11413
گردآوری: فائزه اخلاقیمنش
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While it did not recreate the historic Super Heavy booster catch it pulled off last time, SpaceX continued to push the envelope during the sixth test flight of its Starship spacecraft. The largest and most powerful rocket ever built lifted off from SpaceX’s Starbase launchpad in Texas on Tuesday evening, Super Heavy’s 33 Raptor engines creating aContinue reading "SpaceX Starship Flight 6: No booster catch, but still pushing the envelope"
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[Physics 17, 164] Published Wed Nov 20, 2024
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[Physics 17, s135] Published Wed Nov 20, 2024
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The post Scientists discover significant ‘missing matter’ in the gas between galaxy clusters appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.
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Dark Matter at Cosmic Dawn
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[Physics 17, s132] Published Tue Nov 19, 2024
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[Physics 17, 166] Published Mon Nov 18, 2024
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[Physics 17, 163] Published Mon Nov 18, 2024
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SpaceX is targeting the sixth test flight of its Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy booster — which comprise the largest and most powerful rocket system ever built — as early as Monday. Both the rocket and booster were moved to the launch mount this week for stacking. The mission, which like previous Starship flights willContinue reading "SpaceX Starship Flight 6: What to watch for"
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The Sky This Week from November 15 to 22: 2024’s last Super Moon occults the Pleiades
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NASA rockets seed artificial clouds below glowing auroras in Norway (photo)
How some black holes maintain long-distance relationships
The European Space Agency’s Gaia emission has revealed two unexpected black holes orbiting stars like our own Sun. One minor problem: we’re not exactly sure how black holes like this should form. But a team of researchers might have an answer. Astronomers can’t directly observe black holes. That’s because by definition they do not emitContinue reading "How some black holes maintain long-distance relationships"
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FAA creating new committee to update launch regulations
Asteroid pieces brought to Earth help reveal how our solar system's planets and moons grew
China launching Tianzhou 8 cargo mission to Tiangong space station on Nov. 15
Brilliant fireball explodes over North America as satellites capture flash from space (video)
Is this the best Black Friday camera deal ever? The Canon EOS R5 is nearly $1500 off the MSRP
First quilter in space challenges students, crafters to stitch the moon
'Star Trek: Lower Decks' Season 5 episode 5: What's the problem with Starbase 80?
'Hawking radiation' may be erasing black holes. Watching it happen could reveal new physics.
Delay Detected in Photon Generation
Author(s): Ryan Wilkinson
The observation of a previously unseen photon delay in the production of quantum light has implications for the development of quantum technologies.
[Physics 17, s130] Published Thu Nov 14, 2024
This Lego Star Wars Droideka set is now 20% off ahead of Black Friday
Artemis 2's Orion capsule goes into altitude chamber to prep for 2025 moon mission (photo)
Blue Origin stacks huge New Glenn rocket ahead of 1st launch (photo)
Could a supernova ever destroy Earth?
SpaceX launches 24 Starlink satellites on 2nd leg of spaceflight doubleheader (video)
All astronauts on the ISS are in 'outstanding health': NASA's chief medical officer debunks tabloid rumors
Former Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides wins seat in US Congress
SpaceX launches 20 Starlink satellites from California (video)
Top Black Friday space gifts at Walmart
UFO whistleblowers tell Congress 'we are not alone in the cosmos' (video)
Get a sneak peak at the incredible sci-fi coming to Disney+ in 2025 (video)
The sun's poles may have powerful magnetic tornadoes
SpaceX rolls Starship Flight 6 spacecraft to pad ahead of Nov. 18 launch — and it's wearing a banana (photos)
The final supermoon of 2024 rises Nov. 15 as November's Full Beaver Moon
Surprised Russian school kids discover Arctic island has vanished after comparing satellite images
New Starlink satellites could be 32 times brighter in radio waves than before
Researchers using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio telescope in Europe have discovered the second generation of Starlink satellites emit higher levels of radio waves that could pose a serious risk to radio astronomy. This issue of radio-wave emission is in addition to the sunlight that Starlink and other satellites reflect, which can be visibleContinue reading "New Starlink satellites could be 32 times brighter in radio waves than before"
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Assessing the Brain at a Range of Frequencies
Author(s): Agnese Curatolo
A new frequency-based analysis of recordings from neurons in the brain may give insight into brain pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease.
[Physics 17, s145] Published Wed Nov 13, 2024
'Snowball Earth:' Entire planet was likely covered in ice more than 600 million years ago
Galaxies get tangled up in 'the queen's hair' in new Hubble Telescope image
Could black holes create dark energy?
Black holes are the universe’s shadowy figures, with many millions of them roaming unseen in our galaxy alone. These cosmic heavyweights famously destroy anything that wanders too close, tearing stars and other objects to shreds with their immense gravitational pull. But that may not be the end of the story for those doomed objects. AContinue reading "Could black holes create dark energy? "
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NASA dealing with aging ISS and spacewalk hardware: 'None of our spacesuits are spring chickens'
Under the Tuscan suns
Marco Meniero taken from Poggio Pinzuti, Italy The stars pirouette around Polaris above the hills of Tuscany near Pisa in this two-panel panorama taken with a Nikon Z9 mirrorless camera and a 70mm zoom lens. The imager captured 170 exposures of 15 seconds at f/4.5 and ISO 250.
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