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A southern target

Kfir Simon, taken from Tivoli Farm, Namibia RCW 85 is a faint emission nebula in the southern constellation of Centaurus. The designation “RCW” comes from a catalog of Hα emission regions published in 1960 by a trio of researchers working in Australia under the astronomer Bart Bok: Alexander Rodgers, Colin Campbell, and John Whiteoak. ThisContinue reading "A southern target"

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The Astronomy in Chile Educator Ambassadors Program: Sharing the skies above Chile

Chile is home to SOME of the world’s best skies — and some of the world’s most advanced instruments to observe them. From the radio telescope array charting complex chemistry in Titan’s atmosphere to the telescopes that pinpointed the neutron star merger last year, Chilean observatories play a starring role in today’s groundbreaking discoveries. ManyContinue reading "The Astronomy in Chile Educator Ambassadors Program: Sharing the skies above Chile"

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NASA X-ray telescope Chandra discovers black holes 'blow' on their food to cool it down

Observations from NASA's Chandra X-ray telescope and the VLT have revealed jets blasting from supermassive black holes cause gas to cool and fall toward them in a cosmic feeding process.

© Perseus Cluster: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/V. Olivares et al.; Optical/IR: DSS; H-alpha: CFHT/SITELLE; Centaurus Cluster: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/V. Olivaresi et al.; Optical/IR: NASA/ESA/STScI; H-alpha: ESO/VLT/MUSE; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/N. Wolk

Localizing Light

Author(s): Charles Day

Simulations demonstrate that light can be confined within a scattering medium in a way similar to electrons in a disordered metal.


[Physics 18, s10] Published Wed Jan 29, 2025

After our Sun becomes a white dwarf and cools completely, what will be left?

After our Sun becomes a white dwarf and cools completely, what will be left? Richard LivitskiSeal Beach, California Our Sun will become a white dwarf in about 7 billion years. At that point, it will no longer produce energy through nuclear fusion, having exhausted its fuel (hydrogen and helium). Just like the embers of anContinue reading "After our Sun becomes a white dwarf and cools completely, what will be left?"

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Parade crasher

Josh Dury, taken from the Mendip Hills in Somerset, U.K. The International Space Station sails through the sky in this long exposure, its arc in this long exposure intersecting the ongoing “planet parade” along the ecliptic, including (left to right) Mars, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. To view the photographer’s annotated version highlighting the planets, clickContinue reading "Parade crasher"

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A Parade of Planets: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher

In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to go out and spot the many planets currently in our night sky. You’ll see four of the five planets visible without optical aid. Venus and Saturn are in the west; Jupiter lies overhead; and Mars is in the east. Opportunities to see so many easy-to-spot planets don’tContinue reading "A Parade of Planets: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher"

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Astronauts on NASA’s Artemis mission to the Moon will need better boots — here’s why

The U.S.’s return to the Moon with NASA’s Artemis program will not be a mere stroll in the park. Instead it will be a perilous journey to a lunar location representing one of the most extreme environments in the solar system. For the Artemis program astronauts, walking on the Moon will require new ways ofContinue reading "Astronauts on NASA’s Artemis mission to the Moon will need better boots — here’s why"

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Green hydrogen project threatens pristine Paranal skies in Chile

A proposed massive hydrogen-fuel production project in Chile has astronomers galvanized in concern and opposition. One astronomer calls the possible Chilean facility a “nightmare” for the Paranal Observatory’s dark skies. One study has found that Paranal, located in Chile’s Atacama Desert, has the darkest skies of any major astronomical research site. That would change ifContinue reading "Green hydrogen project threatens pristine Paranal skies in Chile"

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Solar scope

Chris Cook from Long Beach, California The McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope stands beneath a dark, moonless sky at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona. The photographer took 90 one-minute exposures with a Canon DSLR at f/2.8 and ISO 2500.

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NASA administrator steps down, urges continuity under new leadership

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson stepped down on Monday, Jan. 20, after President Donald Trump was inaugurated, and the departing space agency chief had some words of advice for his replacement. In a letter addressed to the next NASA administrator — who, if Trump’s nomination is confirmed, will be Shift4 CEO and SpaceX ally Jared Isaacman — NelsonContinue reading "NASA administrator steps down, urges continuity under new leadership"

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Watch 'planetary parade' online for free on Jan. 25

The Virtual Telescope Project will livestream telescope views of the "planetary parade" on Saturday (Jan. 25), featuring a lineup of six planets, including Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn and Venus.

© NASA/JPL-Caltech

The 1st monster black hole ever imaged has messy eating habits

A new analysis of M87*, the first black hole imaged by humanity, has revealed turbulence in the matter around it, which this supermassive black hole feasts upon.

© Hung-Vi Pu (The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, 2025, Astronomy & Astrophysics)

Astronomers find the most distant supernova yet

Last week at the 245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in National Harbor, Maryland, astronomers presented some of their most recent and exciting finds from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). One such discovery was the identification of the most distant so-called core-collapse supernova ever confirmed. These explosions mark the end of life for massiveContinue reading "Astronomers find the most distant supernova yet"

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The Sky This Week from January 24 to 31: The Moon mingles with Antares

Friday, January 24The Moon passes 0.3° south of the bright red giant star Antares at 7 P.M. EST. However, the pair isn’t visible this evening, as they’ll rise in the early-morning sky, so we’ll feature them tomorrow.  Tonight, we’ll focus instead on Mars. The Red Planet recently reached opposition and is still visible essentially allContinue reading "The Sky This Week from January 24 to 31: The Moon mingles with Antares"

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Could planets orbiting red dwarfs host life?

A nearby star that may host a planet or two could provide a clue about whether planets orbiting the smallest stars can survive the bullying of their suns.  In a press conference last week at the 245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society, Scott Wolk of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory presented his findings on WolfContinue reading "Could planets orbiting red dwarfs host life?"

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Hubble Space Telescope reveals richest view of Andromeda galaxy to date (image)

The most detailed panorama of the entire Andromeda galaxy is packed with science that could revolutionize our understanding of how spiral galaxies across the universe form and evolve.

© NASA, ESA, Benjamin F. Williams (UWashington), Zhuo Chen (UWashington), L. Clifton Johnson (Northwestern); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)

Cozy up with new astronomy products this month

Deeper look Imm Astrophotography SeriesOnalaska, TX The 750 Best Deep Sky Objects (Reachable From the Northern Hemisphere) by amateur astronomer Gary Imm is a precise visual guide to deep-sky objects, complete with rankings and images for every target. This 88-page reference gives readers a detailed list of where the targets are in the Northern HemisphereContinue reading "Cozy up with new astronomy products this month"

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All aglow

Huang Dandan, taken from Yulong Latso, Gangzi, Sichuan Province, China The Milky Way, zodiacal light, and airglow are all visible in this all-sky mosaic, capturing the glow of phenomena on planetary, solar system, and galactic scales. The photographer used an astromodified Sony mirrorless camera and 11mm fisheye lens to capture this mosaic, taking 20-second exposuresContinue reading "All aglow"

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Astronomers just deleted an asteroid because it turned out to be Elon Musk’s Tesla Roadster

On Jan. 2, the Minor Planet Center at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced the discovery of an unusual asteroid, designated 2018 CN41. First identified and submitted by a citizen scientist, the object’s orbit was notable: It came less than 150,000 miles (240,000 km) from Earth, closer than the orbit of theContinue reading "Astronomers just deleted an asteroid because it turned out to be Elon Musk’s Tesla Roadster"

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Want a Telescope for Christmas? Here's What You Need to Know

Christmas is a great time to look for a telescope for your budding amateur astronomer. But there are some things to keep in mind when buying a telescope. Here are some tips and features to consider when looking for astronomy telescopes and binoculars.

© Space.com

Watch (and hear!) a meteorite impact on doorbell camera video in a world 1st

A doorbell camera caught the moment when a meteorite impacted on the walkway of a home in Prince Edward Island, Canada, recording what is likely the world's first audio of a space rock impact.

© <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/search/photographer?photographer=zhihao" target="_blank">zhihao</a> / Getty Images

Venus meets Saturn: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher

In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to go out and watch a close pairing of two naked-eye planets: Venus and Saturn. The two will be in the southwestern evening sky, and will be closest during the week of January 19. Each night, brilliant Venus and much less bright (but still easy to see) Saturn will be a bit more than 3Continue reading "Venus meets Saturn: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher"

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Does a comet’s period change because it loses mass every time it nears the Sun?

Do the periods of comets decrease because they lose mass every time they get near the Sun? Robert BaileyConover, Wisconsin Great question! Assuming you’re referring specifically to the orbital period — in other words, how long comets take to make one revolution around the Sun, or a cometary “year” — according to basic physics, the periodContinue reading "Does a comet’s period change because it loses mass every time it nears the Sun?"

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Fire and ice

Chris Schur, taken from Payson, Arizona Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) lies above a mountain ridge in this shot taken before sunrise on Jan. 11, with particulate matter from forest fires giving the sky a reddish hue. The imager used a 3.2-inch refractor and a one-shot color camera to take a 0.1-second exposure.

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منحنی غباری فراتر از چارچوب‌های آشنا

 در حدود ۱۳ میلیارد سال پیش، کهکشان‌هایی در جهان وجود داشتند که هنوز از نظر ساختار به کهکشان راه شیری شباهت پیدا نکرده‌بودند. اما چگونه می‌توان از راز این کهکشان‌های باستانی پرده برداشت؟ سرعت شکل‌گیری ستارگان در این کهکشان‌ها تا چه اندازه بوده‌است و چه مسیر تکاملی‌ای را  طی کرده‌اند؟

نور این کهکشان‌ها، پس از سفری طولانی و بی‌نظیر به ما رسیده‌است. در این مسیر، غبار کیهانی۱، متشکل از ذرات بسیار ریز کربن و سیلیکات، نور را پراکنده۲ می‌کند و باعث کاهش شدت آن می‌شود. این موضوعی‌ست که مطالعه‌ی کهکشان‌های اولیه را دشوارتر می‌کند. غبار کیهانی علاوه بر جذب کردن نور آن را تغییر هم می‌دهد. برای مثال، نور فرابنفش۳، بیش‌تر از طول‌موج‌های بلندتر پراکنده می‌شود. این ویژگی باعث می‌شود که کهکشان‌ها قرمزتر و کم‌نورتر از چیزی که هستند به نظر برسند. تصویری جدید از ستون‌های آفرینش۴، توسط تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب، این تغییرات را به وضوح نشان می‌دهد (شکل ۱).

شکل ۱: تلسکوپ فضایی هابل ستون‌های آفرینش را در سال ۱۹۹۵ رصد کرد. در سال ۲۰۱۴، هابل این صحنه را دوباره بازبینی کرد و تصویری واضح‌تر و گسترده‌تر در نور مرئی ارائه داد (سمت چپ). همان تصویر از دید تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب (سمت راست).

برای درک بهتر این تغییرات و اصلاح این اعوجاجات نوری، اخترشناسان از ابزارهایی به نام منحنی‌های جذبی غبار۵ استفاده می‌کنند. این منحنی‌ها تاثیر غبار بر روی نور در طول‌موج‌های مختلف را نشان می‌دهد؛ یعنی چه مقدار از نور در هر طول‌موج پراکنده یا جذب می‌شود. برای مثال، منحنی غبار کهکشان راه شیری دارای برآمدگی خاصی در طول‌ موج ۲۱۷۵ آنگستروم است که ناشی از ذرات ریز کربنی در غبار است. از سوی دیگر، این برآمدگی در منحنی غبار ابر ماژلانی کوچک ۶ وجود ندارد و در طول‌ موج فرابنفش، شیب بیش‌تری نشان می‌دهد. این تفاوت‌ها، تصادفی نیستند و اطلاعات ارزشمندی درباره ترکیب و توزیع ذرات غبار در کهکشان‌های مختلف به ما می‌دهند.

اما نکته‌ی مهم این است که بیش‌تر منحنی‌های غباری که در اختیار داریم، برای کهکشان‌های نزدیک‌تر مانند راه شیری یا ابر ماژلانی کوچک طراحی شده‌اند. آیا همین منطق و منحنی‌های جذبی برای کهکشان‌هایی که میلیاردها سال پیش وجود داشته‌اند نیز صادق است؟

این پرسش رایان سندرز و تیم او را بر آن داشت که کهکشان GOODSN-17940 را مورد مطالعه قراردهند، کهکشانی ستاره‌فشان۷ که در انتقال به سرخ  ۴/۴۱ قرار دارد. این کهکشان که تنها ۱/۳۶ میلیارد سال پس از مهبانگ ۸ وجود داشته، فرصتی بی‌نظیر برای مطالعه‌ی رفتار غبار در گذشته‌ی دور را فراهم می‌کند.

این تیم با استفاده از ابزار طیف‌سنجی فروسرخ نزدیک تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب، ۱۱ خط نشری هیدروژن ۹ از Hα تا H12 را بررسی کردند. این خطوط مانند فانوس‌های دریایی‌ عمل می‌کنند؛ شدت نور آن‌ها نشان می‌دهد که چه مقدار نور در هر طول‌ موج توسط غبار جذب شده‌است. با مقایسه‌ی روشنایی مشاهده‌شده‌ از این خطوط، آن‌ها توانستند منحنی جذبی دقیقی برای کهکشان GOODSN-17940 ترسیم کنند.

شکل ۲: طیف کهکشان GOODSN-17940 ، که خطوط بالمر هیدروژن را نشان می‌دهد. این خطوط طیفی به برآورد شرایط غبار و یونش کهکشان کمک می‌کنند.

منحنی جذبی رصد شده از GOODSN-17940 متفاوت از آن‌چه انتظار می‌رفت ظاهر شده‌است. در ناحیه‌ی فروسرخ۱۱، این منحنی شیب بسیار بیش‌تری نسبت به منحنی‌های راه شیری یا ابر ماژلانی کوچک دارد. این موضوع احتمالاً به دلیل کوچک‌تر بودن یا توزیع متفاوت ذرات غبار در این کهکشان است. اما در قسمت فرابنفش طیف، این منحنی مسطح‌تر است و جذب کم‌تری نسبت به مدل‌های کلاسیک نشان می‌دهد. همچنین هیچ‌گونه برآمدگی‌ در ۲۱۷۵ آنگستروم دیده نمی‌شود. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که غبار این کهکشان به دلیل سن بسیار کم جمعیت ستاره‌ای و محیط فعال ستاره‌زا در آن، ویژگی‌های منحصر به فردی دارد. شکل ۳ این نتایج را نشان می‌دهد. محور عمودی بیانگر این است که نور در هر طول‌موج، چند برابر بیش‌تر از مقدار آن در طول‌موج ۹۵۵۰ آنگستروم توسط غبار جذب یا پراکنده می‌شود. به عنوان مثال، مقدار عددی ۲ در این نمودار به این معنی است که نور در آن طول‌ موج دو برابر بیش‌تر از نور در طول‌موج ۹۵۵۰ آنگستروم تضعیف شده‌است.

اما اهمیت این منحنی جذبی جدید در چیست؟ این منحنی در تخمین پارامترهای مهمی چون نرخ شکل‌گیری ستارگان۱۲، نقش کلیدی دارد. به طور مثال اگر از منحنی غبار کهکشان راه شیری برای کهکشانی مانند GOODSN-17940 استفاده کنید، نرخ شکل‌گیری ستارگان را تا ۵۰٪ کم‌تر برآورد خواهید کرد! این اشتباه، می‌تواند درک ما از ساختار و تحول کهکشان‌ها را به طور کلی تغییر دهد.

تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب، با قابلیت‌های خود، به تیم سندرز این امکان را داد که این کهکشان دوردست را مطالعه کرده و بتوانند پیچیدگی غبار را در زمانی حدود ۱۰٪ از عمر کنونی جهان، بررسی کنند. این یافته‌ها به ما کمک می‌کند تا جهان اولیه را با دقتی بی‌سابقه مطالعه کنیم و به درک بهتری از تکامل کهکشان‌ها برسیم.

شکل ۳: منحنی جذبی غبار کهکشان GOODSN-17940 (خط قرمز پیوسته) در انتقال به سرخ (z=4.41)، که در این مطالعه به دست آمده‌است. این منحنی با منحنی‌های شناخته‌شده‌ای چون منحنی جذبی غبار کهکشان راه شیری ( خط سبز خط‌چین)، ابر ماژلانی کوچک ( خط آبی کمرنگ نقطه‌چین)، و یا مدل‌های Calzetti (خط آبی نقطه-خط) و Reddy در انتقال به سرخ حدود ۲ (z∼۲: خط بنفش پیوسته) مقایسه شده است. منحنی این کهکشان در ناحیه‌ی فروسرخ نزدیک دارای شیب‌ بیش‌تر و در ناحیه‌ی فرابنفش مسطح‌تر از سایر نمودارها است، که این نشان‌دهنده‌ی ویژگی‌ منحصربه‌فرد غبار در این کهکشان است.



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

۱. Cosmic Dust
۲. Scattered
۳. Ultra-Violet
۴. Pillars of Creation
۵. Dust Attenuation Curve
۶. Small Magellanic Cloud
۷. Starburst Galaxy، کهکشان‌هایی هستند که ستاره‌زایی بسیار زیادی دارند.
۸. Big Bang
۹. Hydrogen Emission Lines
۱۰. Post-Starburst Galaxies
۱۱. Near Infrared
۱۲. Star Formation Rate

شکل بالای صفحه: دو تصویر از ستون‌های آفرینش، ناحیه‌ای ستاره‌زا، مقایسه‌ی تصاویر تلسکوپ‌های هابل و جیمز وب. منبع: ناسا و آژانس فضایی اروپا (ایسا).

عنوان اصلی مقاله:  The AURORA Survey: The Nebular Attenuation Curve of a Galaxy at z=4.41 from Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Wavelengths

نویسندگان: .Ryan L. Sanders et al

لینک اصلی مقاله: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.05273

 

گردآوری: نیلوفر شرعی

How 'quantum foam' may have inflated the early universe

For decades, scientists assumed that the expansion of the universe was powered by a new entity, known as the inflaton, but new research suggests that it may have been possible without it.

© Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library/Getty Images

Nikon 5x15 HG monocular review

The Nikon 5x15 HG monocular is tiny, but it promises the same high-quality build and lens of Nikon's other optical devices.

© Matt Morris

Unusual spiral quasar seen dancing with a companion

The jets of a supermassive black hole are one of the cosmos’ greatest spectacles — and also one of its greatest mysteries. These beams of ionized matter burst forth from the cores of galaxies at speeds approaching that of light. How those black holes harness and focus that energy remains hotly contested. In recent years,Continue reading "Unusual spiral quasar seen dancing with a companion"

The post Unusual spiral quasar seen dancing with a companion appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.

SpaceX Starship Flight 7 explodes midair, but Super Heavy booster catch successful

Losing the Block 2 Starship on its debut flight was not the optimal outcome. But SpaceX still managed to make significant progress on Flight 7. In October, SpaceX made history by snaring the Super Heavy booster from the sky using a pair of metal chopstick arms attached to a tower on the launch pad, which the companyContinue reading "SpaceX Starship Flight 7 explodes midair, but Super Heavy booster catch successful"

The post SpaceX Starship Flight 7 explodes midair, but Super Heavy booster catch successful appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.

The Starbase rocket testing facility is permanently changing the landscape of southern Texas

If there is a leader in the aerospace industry, SpaceX is it. The company’s Crew Dragon and Cargo Dragon spacecrafts are the current go-to vehicles to deliver astronauts and supplies to the International Space Station. NASA contracts awarded to SpaceX through 2030 alone are worth nearly US$5 billion and include research and development for theContinue reading "The Starbase rocket testing facility is permanently changing the landscape of southern Texas"

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Galactic ‘conveyor belt’ circulates elements like carbon in and out of galaxies

Star-forming galaxies, including ours, are rich in elements — and secrets. Stars come to life fastest in the early histories of such galaxies, but this process doesn’t last at such a high rate forever. The star-formation rate (SFR) eventually slows.  Thanks to a recent study published Dec. 27, 2024, in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, weContinue reading "Galactic ‘conveyor belt’ circulates elements like carbon in and out of galaxies"

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The Sky This Week from January 17 to 24: A conjunction of Venus and Saturn

Friday, January 17Although Jupiter and Mars have been dominating the eastern sky, there’s more here to view than just planets. Already 50° high an hour after sunset, the bright, magnitude 0.1 star Capella stands high above Mars and to Jupiter’s upper left. This is the alpha star of the constellation Auriga, which sits directly aboveContinue reading "The Sky This Week from January 17 to 24: A conjunction of Venus and Saturn"

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A young star-forming region shines bright for JWST 

Like the Sun shining through the clouds in the early morning, a bright star within the star-forming nebula N79 appears to burst forth through a web of cooler gas and dust in this image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a satellite of our Milky WayContinue reading "A young star-forming region shines bright for JWST "

The post A young star-forming region shines bright for JWST  appeared first on Astronomy Magazine.

Blue Origin has successfully launched its New Glenn rocket to orbit

Just past 2 a.m. Eastern time on Jan. 16, 2025, a new rocket blasted off from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. By reaching orbit, Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket launch has marked a milestone for a commercial space company that has big ambitions. As a space policy expert, I see New Glenn’sContinue reading "Blue Origin has successfully launched its New Glenn rocket to orbit"

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The early universe’s ‘Little Red Dots’ are still a big mystery

On Tuesday, at the 245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society, astronomers revisited some recent mysteries. Dale Kocevski, from Colby College in Maine, spoke during a press conference about the Little Red Dots (LRDs) found in data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). These are the same as the “universe-breaking” galaxies first reported roughlyContinue reading "The early universe’s ‘Little Red Dots’ are still a big mystery"

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Observe the dark side of the famous Orion Nebula

Many know the Great Orion Nebula (M42) in Orion’s Sword as a bright diffuse nebula — a glowing cloud of cosmic gas illuminated by the Trapezium star cluster. But the Orion Nebula also has a dark side, formed by its lanes and clouds of dust. They frequently avoid scrutiny, as the surrounding brightness tends toContinue reading "Observe the dark side of the famous Orion Nebula"

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Supermassive black hole births jets, hosts orbiting white dwarf, all while astronomers watch

In 2018, a distant black hole threw a fit. The 1.4-million-solar-mass black hole at the center of the galaxy 1ES 1927+654 some 270 million light-years away suddenly began spewing radiation, flaring in optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray light.  Then, astronomers watched as the so-called X-ray corona of high-energy particles close in to the black hole vanishedContinue reading "Supermassive black hole births jets, hosts orbiting white dwarf, all while astronomers watch"

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DJI Flip drone review

The DJI Flip is a sub-250 g drone with multiple control options and the ability to capture 4K 60 FPS video and 12MP/48MP photos.

© Future/James Abbott

Panasonic Lumix S5IIx review

The Panasonic Lumix S5IIx is an impressive full-frame camera that doesn't cost the earth and delivers impressive features and performance.

© James Abbott

Rocket Lab takes jab at NASA with release of Mars sample return plan

In what appears to be a jab at NASA, Rocket Lab this week unveiled its own plan to return rock and dust samples the space agency has been collecting from Mars’ Jezero Crater since 2021. NASA earlier this week said it needs more time to determine the path forward for its Mars Sample Return program, punting aContinue reading "Rocket Lab takes jab at NASA with release of Mars sample return plan"

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How does adaptive optics work?

Could a telescope be vibrated with the right frequency to counter the atmospheric twinkle of stars? Robert ByerlyWindsor, California Yes, it can! This is one facet of adaptive optics, which astronomical observatories can use to compensate for distortions in astronomical images caused by our atmosphere. Let’s set the stage first: Stars twinkle because on Earth,Continue reading "How does adaptive optics work?"

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See mighty Mars at opposition

At public stargazes and evenings with friends at the telescope, we love to set our eyes on the wonders of Saturn and Jupiter at every opportunity. Year-round, whenever they’re above the horizon, they never cease to amaze. Mars, on the other hand, is easy to underappreciate because it appears small for much of the year,Continue reading "See mighty Mars at opposition"

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This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher: The Moon covers Mars

In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to go out and watch the Full Moon pass in front of the Red Planet. Astronomers call such an event an occultation. Pretty much anyone in the continental U.S. with a clear sky will be able to see this rare happening. The next time residents of the U.S.Continue reading "This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher: The Moon covers Mars"

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Mars at opposition: See the Red Planet all night long

On Jan. 15, Mars will reach a point in its orbit that astronomers call opposition. That evening, Mars will lie opposite the Sun from our perspective. It will rise at sunset, reach its highest point at midnight, and set at sunrise.  No matter when you go out, Mars will be somewhere in the sky. AndContinue reading "Mars at opposition: See the Red Planet all night long"

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A Geminid spectacular

Osama Fathi, taken from the Black Desert, Egypt Jupiter and the Geminid meteors highlight this winter skyscape above a mudbrick dovecote in Egypt’s Black Desert. The shot was taken Dec. 8, 2024 with an astromodified Nikon mirrorless camera and lens at 24mm. The imager took a 6-minute sky exposure, a 30-second foreground exposure, and aContinue reading "A Geminid spectacular"

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More than a spiral

Bob Fera/Steve Mandel, taken from ObsTech El Sauce Observatory, Chile NGC 1512 is a barred spiral galaxy with a unique double ring roughly 33 million light-years distant in the southern constellation Horologium. Ultraviolet space telescope views reveal the full extent of the spiral arms, and how distorted they are by the galaxy’s gravitational tango withContinue reading "More than a spiral"

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Ruko U11MINI drone review

The Ruko U11MINI is a lightweight beginner drone with a multitude of plus and minus points that don't make it the most straightforward option.

© James Abbott

Watch the Full Moon cover Mars on Monday

On Jan. 13, the Full Moon will pass in front of Mars during an event astronomers call an occultation. And pretty much anyone in the U.S. with binoculars and a clear sky that night will be able to see it. Every Full Moon rises at sunset because it lies in the opposite direction of theContinue reading "Watch the Full Moon cover Mars on Monday"

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Jet Propulsion Lab and Mount Wilson Observatory closed amid Eaton fire

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the historic Mount Wilson Observatory in California appear to be unscathed by the Eaton fire burning through Pasadena and Altadena — for now. However, over 150 JPL employees have lost their homes, said the center’s director Laurie Leshin in a post on X on Friday morning. “Significant devastation inContinue reading "Jet Propulsion Lab and Mount Wilson Observatory closed amid Eaton fire"

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BepiColombo nabs its best views yet of Mercury

BepiColombo, the current spacecraft studying Mercury, is a joint mission of the European Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Launched October 20, 2018, it’s actually two satellites in one, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, and it will reach its destination in November 2026. To reach its final position, however,Continue reading "BepiColombo nabs its best views yet of Mercury"

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Panasonic Lumix GH7 review

The Panasonic Lumix GH7 is Panasonic's flagship G-series camera with features and functionality covering both professional photo and video capture.

© James Abbott

The Moon’s water is sparking a new ‘gold rush’

On a cold January morning in 1848, James Marshall was busy building a lumber mill in northern California. to process timber destined for the nearby towns of Sacramento and San Francisco. But within the mill’s outflow, Marshall caught a glimpse of some sparkling pebbles. After close inspection, Marshall realized he had found gold in “themContinue reading "The Moon’s water is sparking a new ‘gold rush’"

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A southern comet

Gianni Tumino, taken from Ragusa, Sicily, Italy Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) isn’t easy to spot — those in the Southern Hemisphere have the best opportunities for visual observations. But it is still within reach for Northern Hemisphere photographers, as evidenced by this pre-dawn shot taken Jan. 9 from Sicily. The imager used a Canon mirrorlessContinue reading "A southern comet"

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The Sky This Week from January 10 to 17: Mars reaches opposition

Friday, January 10The waxing gibbous Moon passes 5° north of Jupiter in Taurus at 6 P.M. EST. This evening, our satellite appears to Jupiter’s upper left in the sky, forming the apex of a triangle with the magnitude 1.7 star Elnath to Luna’s lower left. Jupiter is still extremely bright and easy to find, shiningContinue reading "The Sky This Week from January 10 to 17: Mars reaches opposition"

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A total solar eclipse may have ended Egypt’s 4th dynasty

Astronomy can often give us clues to the past that are otherwise lost to history. In one case, an Italian astronomer has proposed that a dramatic total solar eclipse triggered a religious crisis in ancient Egypt and led the last pharaoh of the 4th dynasty to abandon the pyramid-building of his ancestors. Related: The greatestContinue reading "A total solar eclipse may have ended Egypt’s 4th dynasty"

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Explore the constellation Cassiopeia

Cassiopeia (pronounced kass ee oh pee’ uh) the Queen is one of the first constellations amateur astronomers come to recognize. That’s because its five brightest stars form an asterism that looks like a large letter W. Cassiopeia is observable in the autumn and winter throughout the Northern Hemisphere. It lies opposite the Sun in earlyContinue reading "Explore the constellation Cassiopeia"

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The Parker Solar Probe just made its closest ever approach to the Sun

On Dec. 26, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe went where no mission has gone before and came within 3.8 million miles (6 million kilometers) of the Sun’s surface, flying through the solar corona — the Sun’s upper atmosphere. The pass broke its previous record of traveling within 8.1 million miles (13 million km) of the surfaceContinue reading "The Parker Solar Probe just made its closest ever approach to the Sun"

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Starmus comes to America

In the world of science and entertainment, there’s nothing like Starmus. Founded by astronomer Garik Israelian and his close friend astronomer and guitarist Brian May, founding member of Queen, the festival periodically presents a celebration of what we know about the cosmos like no other event.  On April 1–2, 2025, Starmus — the word comingContinue reading "Starmus comes to America"

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NASA decision on Mars Sample Return reboot slides to 2026

NASA has set a goal to return rock and soil samples from the surface of Mars in the 2030s. The mission would represent the first time scientific samples from another planet have been returned to Earth. But the space agency said it needs another year to determine how to do it. NASA Administrator Bill NelsonContinue reading "NASA decision on Mars Sample Return reboot slides to 2026"

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Diamonds in the sky

Vikas Chander from New Dehli, India Barnard’s Loop, the Pleiades (M45), and the California Nebula (NGC 1499) are just some of the deep-sky objects aglow with ionized hydrogen in the sky over an abandoned washing plant at a diamond mine in the Sperrgebiet (“forbidden territory”) of southwestern Namibia. Th photographer used an astromodified Sony mirrorlessContinue reading "Diamonds in the sky"

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Blue Ghost Mission 1 will send the first U.S. lander to Mare Crisium

Near the Moon’s eastern limb lies Mare Crisium — the Sea of Crises — a low basalt plain embayed by rugged mountains. Carved by a colossal impact some 3.9 billion years ago, the 460-mile-wide (740 kilometers) mare appears largely flat and featureless. But lingering whispers of a volcanic past are everywhere, from its ubiquitous darknessContinue reading "Blue Ghost Mission 1 will send the first U.S. lander to Mare Crisium"

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Pluto may have ‘kissed’ Charon to capture it

New research suggests that Pluto may have acquired its most massive moon, Charon, through an ancient grazing impact, which the science team refers to as a “kiss and capture”.  The study uses computer models to suggest a possible new method by which large bodies in the Kuiper Belt could come into orbit of one another.Continue reading "Pluto may have ‘kissed’ Charon to capture it"

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Where is the solar system heading?

Earth spins as it orbits the Sun, and the solar system is orbiting the galactic center. So, if I go outside and look up, in what direction are we heading? Dale PetersonOak View, California When you gaze up at the constellation Hercules, you are looking out the front window of the spacecraft called Earth. Our planetContinue reading "Where is the solar system heading?"

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Open cluster M35: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher

In this episode, Dave Eicher invites you to observe the open star cluster M35, which lies at the feet of the constellation Gemini the Twins. It’s easy to spot even through binoculars, and it makes a great sight through a telescope. Also, you’ll spot another open cluster nearby, NGC 2158, which is smaller and fainter,Continue reading "Open cluster M35: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher"

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Does Planet Nine exist?

Growing up, I was taught that there were nine planets in the solar system. That all changed in 2006, when the International Astronomical Union voted to demote Pluto’s status to that of dwarf planet. But now, there is a chance that within the next year or two, the solar system could once again be gracedContinue reading "Does Planet Nine exist?"

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A dancing horse

Michael Telesco, taken from Peña Trevinca, Spain This previously unnoticed reflection nebula in Perseus was found by Michael Telesco. Inspired by discoveries of objects by astrophotographers like Julian Shapiro and Bray Falls, he says he did some “extensive survey deep-diving” and found a bright mid-infrared region that had been identified by the Infrared Astronomical SatelliteContinue reading "A dancing horse"

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The middle-aged Moon had a magnetic field

New results from China’s Chang’e 5 mission suggest that the Moon possessed a magnetic field well into its midlife, much longer than previously documented. In work published Jan. 1 in Science Advances, researchers report rocks recovered from the sample-return mission that are weakly magnetized — and just 2 billion years old. While not conclusive, the resultsContinue reading "The middle-aged Moon had a magnetic field"

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Could the Seestar S50 be your first imaging telescope?

You and I are living through a revolution in amateur astronomy. Not long ago, I would have advised beginners to stay away from astroimaging, because getting good results is both expensive and time consuming. Not anymore. Today, I tell them that state-of-the-art smart telescopes are available at comparatively reasonable prices that let tech-savvy neophytes getContinue reading "Could the Seestar S50 be your first imaging telescope?"

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The awkward job of the NASA administrator

Leaders of NASA sit in an awkward position. While they are the head of a widely recognized organization, they’re often not the most famous individual in the agency. More people probably know the names of Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, the astronauts currently “stranded” on the International Space Station, than Bill Nelson, the current NASAContinue reading "The awkward job of the NASA administrator"

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The Sky This Week from January 3 to 10: Earth’s closest approach to the Sun

Friday, January 3Asteroid 14 Irene reaches opposition at 2 A.M. EST within northwestern Gemini the Twins. The magnitude 9.6 main-belt world is visible roughly all night, from sunset until sunrise, located roughly halfway between the stars Tau (τ) and Epsilon (ε) Geminorum. Irene was the 14th asteroid discovered in the main belt, spotted by JohnContinue reading "The Sky This Week from January 3 to 10: Earth’s closest approach to the Sun"

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When everything in the universe changed

For millions of years following the Big Bang, after the universe’s roiling soup of particles had cooled, the cosmos was a dark and boring place. There were no stars to make light. No familiar swirls of galaxies. Certainly no planets. And the entire universe was shrouded in neutral hydrogen gas. Then, perhaps 100 million yearsContinue reading "When everything in the universe changed"

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