Evolution Day is observed on 24 November each year, marking the anniversary of the publication of Charles Darwin’s groundbreaking work, On the Origin of Species, in 1859. This day commemorates not just a book but a seismic shift in our understanding of life — a theory that connects all living organisms in a vast, intricate web of shared ancestry.

This year, to commemorate Evolution Day, we shine the spotlight on researchers from the Department of Biological Sciences at the NUS Faculty of Science who are building on Darwin’s legacy, exploring the mechanisms of evolution and its impact on biodiversity in the region and beyond. Their work underscores the enduring relevance of evolutionary theory in addressing modern challenges, from conservation to climate change.

Learning from insects: Understanding biodiversity through reproductive evolution research

Evolution is often synonymous with the phrase ‘survival of the fittest,’ but in evolutionary biology, ‘fitness’ refers to an organism’s ability to survive, reproduce and pass on its genes to the next generation. Reproductive evolution, which focuses on how mating behaviours and reproductive strategies evolve across species, plays a crucial role in shaping population dynamics, speciation, and biodiversity.

Assistant Professor Nalini Puniamoorthy from the Department of Biological Sciences at the NUS Faculty of Science, together with her team at the Reproductive Evolution Lab (ReproLab), are exploring how sexual selection – a mechanism of natural selection – affects reproductive traits and influences population differentiation and speciation, the process by which new species emerge.

“Since reproductive processes directly influence a species’ adaptation and resilience to environmental variability, studying reproductive evolution can support biodiversity conservation by shedding light on how species evolve and adapt to changes to their habitats, especially in the face of climate change and habitat loss,” said Asst Prof Nalini.

The ReproLab studies micro- and macro-evolutionary processes of various insects: From ecosystem service providers like dung beetles, disease vectors like mosquitoes, and even to food waste recyclers like black soldier flies.

For instance, a recent study published by Asst Prof Nalini’s team in Ecology and Evolution, investigated how resource constraints affect dung beetle fitness in secondary rainforests. Dung beetles are important for nutrient recycling and forest health but are often sensitive to habitat changes and resource variations. Asst. Prof. Nalini’s team found that parental provisioning is crucial and that there was a trade-off between early offspring fitness and resource quality. This discovery documents genotype by environment interactions that are relevant for understanding dung beetle ecology in the face of climatic and environmental changes.

Seeking sustainable solutions to challenges

The ReproLab also investigates the interactions between insects and their bacterial symbionts, like gut microbes in black soldier flies that aid in breaking down food waste as well as the reproductive bacteria Wolbachia in mosquitoes. Their study on Aedes albopictus documented that the dispersal of this secondary dengue vector was not limited to green spaces, and that urban and forest populations of Ae. albopictus are naturally infected with more than one strain of Wolbachia. “Untangling these interactions has implications for vector management and combating disease transmission in a city with heterogenous landscapes like Singapore,” explained Asst Prof Nalini.

Shaping biodiversity of tropical ecosystems: The role of fruit-eating animals

In tropical ecosystems, plant-frugivore interactions — where animals help disperse seeds of fruiting plants — play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity. Approximately 90 per cent of woody plant species in tropical forests rely on animals to disperse their seeds. Assistant Professor Lim Jun Ying and his team from the NUS Department of Biological Sciences are investigating how these interactions shape plant biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics. This is especially pertinent as human activities such as habitat loss and hunting are threatening these crucial relationships.

“The loss of fruit-eating animals or frugivores can disrupt plant populations, preventing them from migrating to new areas in response to climate change. Understanding how plant-frugivore interactions evolve is important for quantifying the long-term effects of human activities on tropical ecosystems,” said Asst Prof Lim.

In a recent study published in Global Ecology and Conservation, Asst Prof Lim and his team studied large-bodied birds known as hornbills, which are essential for dispersing large-fruited plants. Many of these birds are under threat from habitat loss and hunting. As the gapes – mouth-openings – of these hornbills are larger than most birds, plants with large fruits and seeds depend on them for seed dispersal.

Asst Prof Lim noted, “Evolution in fruits is shaped by a complex web of interactions with various animals and other factors, suggesting that co-evolution between plants and frugivores must be understood at a community level. This broader perspective is essential for grasping the full complexity of ecological evolution in tropical forests and helping to conserve their biodiversity.”

Understanding fungi: From a billion-year evolutionary journey to addressing environmental challenges

Fungi represent one of the most diverse and ancient groups of organisms on Earth, with an evolutionary history spanning over a billion years. Despite their widespread presence and ecological importance, our understanding of fungal diversity is still limited.

“Less than 10 per cent of the estimated fungal diversity has been documented. The challenge lies in the fact that many fungi remain microscopic throughout their life stages, and a vast majority cannot be cultured in laboratories, hindering direct observation and experimentation,” said Assistant Professor Chang Ying from the NUS Department of Biological Sciences.

At Asst Prof Chang’s lab, her team is dedicated to finding the hidden diversity of fungi, with a focus on marine and coastal environments. Their research tackles two key aspects of fungal ecology: reconstructing the evolutionary history of fungal adaptations using genomic tools, and exploring fungal diversity in natural habitats through metagenomics. By studying the genetic, structural, and ecological traits of existing fungal species, Asst Prof Chang and her team are able to infer a fungi’s common ancestor and understand the traits that allowed ancestral fungi to diversify and adapt to a range of ecological and environmental conditions.

An ongoing project by Asst Prof Chang and her team, in collaboration with the One Thousand Fungal Genomes (1KFG) consortium, investigates the evolution of digestive enzymes across the fungal kingdom. This study could help to predict the ecological capabilities of unknown or newly discovered fungi, as well as entire fungal communities.

“Insights from this research also has practical applications, particularly in the field of bioremediation, where fungi are increasingly valued for their potential to break down environmental pollutants,” added Asst Prof Chang.

By analysing the distribution of hydrocarbon-degrading enzymes across a large set of fungal genomes and mapping their evolutionary trajectories, NUS researchers could identify fungal groups that are especially suited to utilising petroleum hydrocarbons as nutrient sources, making them strong candidates for bioremediation strategies.

The National University of Singapore’s Faculty of Science (NUS Science) concluded a year of celebratory events marking its 95th Anniversary with a Charity Golf event, raising a record of over S$1.2 million for its 95th Anniversary Bursary Fund - the largest amount raised in the history of the NUS Charity Golf series since 2012.

The Bursary Fund will support over 40 bursaries each year, starting from 2026. The bursaries will benefit undergraduates at the Faculty who are facing financial challenges, providing them with the resources they need to focus on their studies, pursue their passions and achieve their academic and professional aspirations.

In partnership with the NUS Alumni Student Advancement Committee, benefactors who contributed S$25,000 or more to the Bursary Fund had the opportunity to sub-name their bursaries under the NUS Science 95^th Anniversary Bursary Fund. Professors rallied former PhD students and members of their research groups in NUS Science to pool donations, resulting in bursaries sub-named after these groups. Former students, colleagues and friends contributed collectively to honour professors, both past and present, while corporate partners and individual benefactors also made independent contributions to this initiative. The Department of Physics, for example, led efforts to gather contributions from colleagues, alumni and friends to sub-name a bursary in honour of Emeritus Professor Bernard Tan Tiong Gie, the longest serving Dean of Science (1985-1997).

Making the announcement at the Faculty’s 95th Anniversary Gala Dinner on 22 November 2024, Dean of NUS Science Professor Sun Yeneng said, “I am deeply grateful for the support and generosity of our community. Your collective commitment will make a lasting impact on the lives of our students, giving them the opportunity to realise their full potential, regardless of their circumstances.”  

95 years of excellence in science education and research

NUS President Professor Tan Eng Chye, who was the Guest-of-Honour at the Gala Dinner, commended the Faculty’s progress and achievements. “Science research in Singapore started off small and unknown in the academic research space, but we have since made immense and very visible progress. From fundamental science, such as the development of advanced materials to translational innovations like nature-based climate solutions, the Faculty has been timely and relevant in addressing pressing challenges of the day.”

He added, “We have built up global credibility and repute for our research; this has enabled us to draw top minds from across the world to build their careers and research aspirations here.”

At the Gala Dinner, the Faculty also presented awards to 16 Science alumni from industries such as healthcare, financial services, manufacturing, technology, sustainability-related sectors, data analytics and Artificial Intelligence, to name a few. Prof Tan presented the Distinguished Science Alumni Award to three alumni who have distinguished themselves in national leadership, service, research excellence, or the betterment and promotion of science.

Another 13 alumni received the Outstanding Science Alumni Award (OSA) from Prof Sun. The OSA recognised the recipients’ leadership and contributions to their professions, industries and disciplines, service to the nation or community, entrepreneurship, research, as well as other noteworthy endeavours.

“Our students do not just excel academically - their accomplishments extend beyond the classroom in service of diverse communities. Many of them go on to pursue distinguished careers; some have founded successful enterprises, contributing to society and making meaningful advancements in fields ranging from environmental sustainability to technology and healthcare,” lauded Prof Tan.

Year-long celebration

The Gala Dinner was the culminating event in a series of specially-curated activities celebrating the Faculty of Science’s 95th Anniversary this year.  These other events included the Achieving Gender Diversity in STEM conference in March 2024, which highlighted leadership in STEM and insights from our female alumni; a Homecoming for Alumni programme at both Bukit Timah and Kent Ridge Campuses in May 2024; the launch of a mural wall to commemorate the former Deans of Science in September 2024, and the Faculty of Science Symposium in September 2024 where researchers, educators, alumni and entrepreneurs, as well as students, came together to share their experiences in scientific developments, educational advancements, career journeys and student advocacy respectively.

• 8world Online, 21 November 2024
• Channel 5 News, 21 November 2024
• CNA Online, 22 November 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 22 November 2024, Singapore, p10

By Dr Azhar Ibrahim Alwee, a Senior Lecturer at the Dept of Malay Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at NUS

• Berita Harian, 21 November 2024, p6

• The Straits Times, 20 November 2024, Life, pC4

By Prof Teo Yik Ying, Vice President for Global Health and Dean of the NUS Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health

• The Straits Times, 20 November 2024, Opinion, pB1-B2
• The Straits Times, 22 November 2024, Forum, pB5

By Ms Humaira Safiya Mohd Helmi, student from the Dept of Political Science and Dept of Economics at the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences in NUS, and Mr Amirul Daniez, student in NTU

• Berita Harian, 20 November 2024, p11

• Lianhe Zaobao, 16 November 2024, Opinion, p18

• Berita Harian, 16 November 2024, p7

• Berita Harian, 16 November 2024, p10

• Berita Harian Online, 16 November 2024
• Suria News Online, 16 November 2024

Nestled against the lush backdrop of Kent Ridge Forest, Ridge View Residential College (RVRC) is the University’s first and only residential college located outside NUS University Town. Founded on the integrated themes of sustainability and workplace readiness, the College started as a one-year living-learning programme in 2014, expanding into a two-year programme in 2017 and evolving further in 2021 to align with the enhanced NUS General Education Curriculum.

This year, RVRC celebrates its 10th anniversary, a milestone that has seen learning at the residential college transcend the boundaries of the classroom, and its students playing an active role in contributing towards sustainability efforts in NUS and the community.

In line with its sustainability theme, many of the courses offered at RVRC incorporate the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, allowing students to explore sustainability initiatives that help shape a future that is more sustainable and equitable for all. This is done through a multifaceted learning approach that focuses on experiential outdoor learning and collaboration with industry partners. In line with its workplace readiness theme, students are also encouraged to participate in meaningful college activities beyond coursework that diversify their interests and skillsets to help develop them into better versions of their current selves.

“Place, Programme, and People are the elements that make for memorable university experiences, and these are the elements that make for a memorable RV10,” said RVRC College Master Associate Professor Sim Tick Ngee, outlining the focus of the year-long celebration in his congratulatory message.

As part of RV10, the College’s initiative to encapsulate the anniversary celebrations, a series of commemorative events were held to strengthen the college culture and collective sense of community among its students, alumni, and staff. Here are three of the events that showcased the different but integrated aspects of life at RVRC – namely academic, student and residential life.

RVRC Symposium: Living and learning for a shared future – the RVRC way

For the first time this year, students led the planning and organising of the annual RVRC Symposium held on 24 February 2024. Some 145 participants comprising students, educators and community partners attended the Symposium which showcased the best of student and alumni achievements through panel discussions, oral presentations, and poster sessions.

Guest-of-Honour Associate Professor Adrian Loo from the NUS Department of Biological Sciences shared about the importance of education and community stewardship for youth, drawing on his extensive experience in his previous role as National Parks Board’s Group Director for Wildlife Management and Senior Director for Community Projects. Participants also gleaned insights from RVRC alumnus, Founder and CEO of Hatch Mr Victor Zhu (Science '20), who shared about his journey in building his start-up with a social mission of providing digital skills and employability programmes whilst still a student at RVRC.

The day’s programme was segmented into three key themes, namely Edu-venture, Adventure, and Venturing Beyond. Edu-venture showcased RVRC’s approach towards fostering a learning ecosystem that has addressed societal and environmental challenges, as well as student projects on real-world issues. Adventure highlighted the importance of various co-curricular and student life activities, which has helped hone students’ soft skills and provided them an avenue to give back to society. Lastly, Venturing Beyond challenged students to build meaningful initiatives that go beyond the walls of the College and beyond their time at NUS, encouraging them to champion lasting environmental and societal changes through innovative means. 

Co-Chair of the Symposium’s organising committee and RVRC Senior Jason Qiu, a Year 4 undergraduate from the School of Computing, said, “It was the insightful questions posed during the presentations along with the meaningful tea break discussions that brought home the value of the engagement for the RVRC community which truly represented the vibrant learning spirit that the College embodies.”

Gala Dinner: Celebrating a decade of shared memories, experiences and achievements

The RVRC 10th Anniversary Gala Dinner on 30 August 2024 saw past and present members of the College celebrate the journey that has shaped RVRC into the unique, dynamic community it is today.

The evening began with a commemorative speech by College Master Assoc Prof Sim, who reflected on the College's decade of achievements. RVRC Rector Dr Noeleen Heyzer and RVRC’s first Director of Studies Associate Professor Lee Kooi Cheng shared about the College's indelible impact over the years while founding RVRC College Master Professor Adekunle Adeyeye recounted the strong foundation upon which the college was built, in a special video message.

Guests were also treated to a night of engaging performances, including song items by RVRC’s Jukebox and the winners of the RV10 songwriting competition, as well as an electrifying dance performance by the NUS Dance Ensemble.

A highlight at the gala dinner was the commemorative video created by RVRC students which showcased RVRC’s key milestones since its inception, evoking a deep sense of nostalgia amongst alumni, faculty and staff, both past and present, who had an enjoyable time reconnecting and reminiscing about the pivotal moments that defined their time at the College.

RVRC alumnus Zhang Xiangyu Oliver (Business ‘24), said, “It was great to reconnect with the people who made my four-year journey in RVRC memorable, and celebrate together the countless milestones of the college since inception. I’m confident that RVRC will continue to inspire the next generation in the upcoming decade and beyond!”

RVRC Day: Building bridges, strengthening bonds

Apart from sustainability, the RVRC community is also passionate about giving back to society, a cornerstone of NUS' ethos. The theme of RVRC Day – Building Bridges, Strengthening Bonds – underscored the importance of community building, not just amongst the RVRC community of students and staff, but just as importantly, with the wider community and the less privileged.

In the early morning hours of 26 October 2024, the RVRC community gathered at the Harbourfront area for Walk for Rice, a long-running signature event at RVRC to support vulnerable families. In partnership with a charity organisation, for every 300 meters walked, food donations were made to support vulnerable families, turning each step into a meaningful act of kindness. With the support of 52 RVRC students and staff, a total of 520 kilometres were clocked, making possible a donation of 1,733 packets of rice and oatmeal.

Following the charity walk, the event continued with a second segment focused on community engagement. Titled OutRidge, this initiative aimed to raise awareness for persons with disabilities (PWDs), foster inclusivity and inspire participants to take active steps toward building a more inclusive society. In addition to having the opportunity to interact with PWDs on their lived experiences and challenges, the event held at the College also featured a fireside chat with two invited speakers – Year 4 NUS student Kimberly Quek, a Deaflympic athlete who won numerous medals at international bowling competitions, and Joan Hung, a visually impaired para athlete with Team Singapore.

Additionally, participants had the opportunity to engage in interactive games at several informative booths designed by RVRC students to raise awareness about the daily challenges faced by PWDs. They also lent their support through their patronage of the food stalls set up by social enterprises that advocate for the PWD community.

RVRC Senior and Year 3 Computing undergraduate Soh Zheng Yang, Marcus, reflected, “I found the fireside chat to be eye-opening, especially when the two speakers shared about how they strive to overcome the challenges they face in pursuing their dreams. The interactive booths made me realise how adaptable PWDs have to be, to overcome the limitations of living in a society that does not primarily cater to their special needs or circumstances. I was happy to see the RVRC community come together to empower PWDs through active participation and enhanced awareness.”

As the celebrations come to a close, College Master Assoc Prof Sim, said, “The conclusion of the year-long activities held in conjunction with RV10 has brought a renewed understanding of what has shaped the College into what it is today. With this reflection comes a strong sense of optimism for the future—one where the College continues to evolve, striving towards becoming a better place that offers a more robust RVRC programme with a more united and inclusive RVRC community.”

• Lianhe Zaobao, 19 November 2024, Focus, p4

By Ms Liu Jingting, Ms Ulrike Sengstschmid, Ms Yan Bowen, and Ms Thi Hang Banh, researchers from the Asia Competitiveness Institute at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS

• The Business Times, 19 November 2024, Opinion, p22

• CNA Online, 18 November 2024
• 8world Online, 18 November 2024
• Suria News Online, 18 November 2024
• Warna 94.2FM, 18 November 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 19 November 2024, Singapore, p5

• Lianhe Zaobao, 15 November 2024, Singapore, p5

By Dr Lance Guo Liangping, Senior Research Fellow from the East Asian Institute at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 15 November 2024, Opinion, p18

By Professor Julian Savulescu, Chen Su Lan Centennial Professor of Medical Ethics and Director, and Associate Professor Brian D. Earp, both from the Centre for Biomedical Ethics at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at NUS, together with Dr Sebastian Porsdam Mann, a Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Oxford

• The Straits Times, 15 November 2024, Opinion, pB3

• Lianhe Zaobao, 15 November 2024, Singapore, p5
• Lianhe Zaobao, 15 November 2024, Opinion, p5

• The New Paper, 16 November 2024
• The Sunday Times, 17 November 2024, Singapore, pA15
• Money 89.3FM, 17 November 2024

By Dr Qi Dongtao, Senior Research Fellow from the East Asian Institute at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 18 November 2024, Opinion, p17

Each year on World Philosophy Day on 21 November, people around the globe are invited to reflect on the role philosophy plays in shaping our understanding of the world.

Philosophy, meaning ‘love of wisdom’, is interpreted differently by different people, and this diversity of interpretation is one of its most enduring strengths. For some, it’s an intellectual pursuit, a way of seeking deep truths about existence, morality, and knowledge. For others, it’s simply a practical guide to living more meaningfully.

“Philosophy is an attempt to make sense of life, the universe, and everything, through human reason,” says Associate Professor Loy Hui Chieh from the Department of Philosophy at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.

For final-year Philosophy major Christopher Chin, the understanding of philosophy challenges our norms and forces us to grow, while final-year History and Philosophy double major Sofia Marliini Heikkonen believes it offers the privilege of interrogating life.

Dr Daryl Ooi, a lecturer at the Department of Philosophy agrees, saying that, “Philosophy is one of the activities humans practice when we’re trying to figure out how to relate and orientate ourselves to this exciting, complex and confusing world we live in.”

Fundamentally, however, philosophy is a way of thinking that cuts to the heart of what it means to be human.

‘Confucius says…’

The foundational ideas established by many great thinkers and philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle have shaped our understanding of the world. These renowned philosophers pioneered the use of reason and logic to explore the workings of the universe while delving into the complexities of human morality.

Although Confucius lived around 500 BC, some 2,500 years ago, today he remains synonymous with wisdom and insights into life. The expression ‘Confucius says...’ is often cited when imparting general wisdom, exemplifying how philosophy transcends time and generations.

In the context of retaliation, for example – whether in war or conflict – one might consider Confucius’ wise words before determining a course of action: ‘Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves.’

“A common misunderstanding about philosophy is that it’s purely abstract and impractical, dealing only with questions that have no real-world impact. In reality, many of the questions discussed in philosophy have significant real-world implications,” said the Department’s Assistant Professor Song Moonyoung.

A compass for the modern world

Some may question the relevance of philosophical thinking today given the proliferation of science and technology that comes with the promise to simplify our lives and even make decisions on our behalf. Philosophers, however, agree that as the world changes rapidly through technology and social upheaval, the role of philosophy will only grow in importance.

Dr Ooi believes that as long as humans continue to ask big and narrow questions about the world today and attempt to make sense of their beliefs, values, emotions and ideas, philosophy will continue to endure.

Likewise, Asst Prof Song believes philosophy is even more relevant in a time when science and technology are at the forefront. “Philosophy encourages us to consider the ethical implications of technological advancements, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and genetic engineering, and guides us in making thoughtful, responsible choices about their development and use,” she says.

Assoc Prof Loy views philosophy as one part of a much larger repertoire now available to modern humanity. Its strength stems not from disregarding developments in other fields and domains, but from working in tandem with them. “Take artificial intelligence or AI for example. I have been drawn to research projects that look into how AI will affect education because it involves contributions from social science, data science, computer science and many others,” he says.  

Related to that is the complex task of developing a practical governing framework for the development of AI and, even more critically, the ethics of its application. Dr Ooi, himself a former student of Assoc Prof Loy, says that the intricacy of such tasks is precisely the reason we recognise the value of interdisciplinary education.

He explains, “We need specialists from different disciplines to work together – and philosophers certainly have much to contribute towards the development or shaping of any kind of moral framework that would support the development and application of AI. Get a philosopher in the room to ask questions about ethics and morality, or even what it means to be human. This will trigger some incredibly meaningful and important conversations, and sometimes, you may even get something like an answer!”

Assoc Prof Loy, who is also Vice Dean (Academic Affairs) for NUS College, adds that he sees philosophers as some of the most interested and equipped people to discuss complex issues, not necessarily by supplying any ready-made “moral framework”, but simply by being people who are keen on thinking very carefully and working with experts from other technical disciplines.

Expanding on this perspective, Asst Prof Song, who specialises in the philosophy of art, notes that the increasing integration of AI into our lives invites us to reflect on what truly defines humanity. The answer may not lie in what we can do better than AI. Instead, what makes us special may indeed be our limitations, such as the fact that humans have physical bodies that inevitably age and perish.

She adds, “These limitations give human achievements – such as artwork – a completely different meaning, even if, on the surface, they may look similar to AI-created products.”

In recent years, mental health has become another area where philosophy provides a unique lens through which we can understand and address psychological well-being. Commenting on the role of philosophy or philosophical ideas in mental health treatment or in helping people cope with mental health challenges, Dr Ooi highlights the increasing attention given to the therapeutic value of philosophical ideas.

He says, “The idea of ‘care for the soul’ and ‘care for the self’ is a historically important one that is of immense relevance for us today, and there are many important philosophical questions that we can ask that are highly relevant to issues surrounding mental health today. For instance, how do we understand the obligations individuals have to care for one another, should education systems have an ethical responsibility to ensure that students do not suffer certain harms, or how can individuals and societies understand values such as ‘respect’ and ‘dignity’ so that those values shape the way humans treat each other?”

Many of the tools employed in philosophy and the intellectual dispositions it nurtures have broad applications – particularly in instances where careful reasoning is needed or when navigating any situations without any clear precedents. This intellectual rigour is what has drawn some undergraduates to take up Philosophy to complement other fields of study, recognising the value of the discipline’s critical thinking and reasoning skills.  

Joan Lim, a final-year Philosophy and Life Sciences double degree student, was first introduced to Philosophy in secondary school.

Joan was part of the pioneering batch at the College of Humanities and Sciences and says she jumped at the opportunity to take two contrasting degrees, believing in the importance of an interdisciplinary education to gain a deeper understanding of our increasingly complex and interconnected world. 

“I feel that the disciplines are complementary because science needs to be ethically applied, and the humanities benefit from the real-world grounding from the sciences.  Fields such as AI and sustainability consider the best ways to apply science and technology such that harm may be reduced; a purely scientific approach may lack that moral analysis.”

Armed with the insights gained from her philosophy studies, Joan is looking for a career that will allow her to contribute to the field of sustainability, another existential challenge for mankind. “I hope to provide an ethical and logical lens for analysing complex issues such as sustainability and AI, but also in the vein of the philosophical training that I have received here at NUS, one which is empathetic and kind,” she says.

Marliini, who has always felt very strongly about diversity, representation and inclusivity, is looking for opportunities to build bridges within the communities around her. “I'm still discovering what exactly my career will look like post-graduation, and what excites me is the prospect of fostering environments where people feel empowered, accepted and connected.”

Beyond its influence on society, Christopher believes that philosophy’s teachings have made an impact on his personal relationships.

“The clarity and discernment that philosophy teaches us should be channelled towards goodness. It reminds us to be compassionate because as (Chinese Confucian philosopher) Mengzi suggests, all humans have the heart of compassion. Whatever the psychological pain, I believe being compassionate, empathetic, and present should be our first response,” says Christopher, reflecting on the wisdom drawn from philosophy when dealing with friends and loved ones in need.

Enduring influence in shaping humanity

From artificial intelligence to mental health, philosophy offers a powerful lens for understanding and navigating the complexities of contemporary life. Whether for those immersed in academic inquiry or individuals looking for clarity in a fast-paced world, philosophy provides a space for thoughtful reflection, grounded in the search for truth and meaning.

Assoc Prof Loy has noted how students get to have a lot of intellectual fun reading philosophy while giving them leverage for other intellectual pursuits.

“Everyone stands to gain from the process of philosophical inquiry,” says Marliini. “The skills we learn are beneficial far beyond academics because philosophy at its core teaches us how to hold space for different perspectives while maintaining the rigour to examine and articulate our own.”

In the words of Peter Singer, one of the most highly regarded modern philosophers alive today, “Philosophy ought to question the basic assumptions of the age. Thinking through, critically and carefully, what most of us take for granted is, I believe, the chief task of philosophy, and the task that makes philosophy a worthwhile activity.”

In developing a familial and inclusive residential community, inclusiveness has been a key theme at Pioneer House (PH) since its inception in 2017 as a new housing model at NUS centred on proactive pastoral care and mentoring. As such, PH adopts various academic approaches to nurture togetherness and warmth amongst its residents – students who hail from different academic years, as well as cultural and ethnic backgrounds.

Since August 2024 (Semester 1, Academic Year 2024/2025), a pioneering group of ten students has taken this theme of fostering inclusiveness a step further by ‘formalising’ their initiatives to engage the international student community at PH. They embarked on a ‘Design-Your-Own-Course’ (DYOC) – an academic scheme at NUS which allows students the opportunities to pursue self-directed learning beyond their disciplines, through avenues such as engaging relevant subject matter experts at the University. While PH has consistently organised programmes and initiatives to engage its international student community, this step marks the first time it has been carried out through a DYOC framework.

Melding academia and application

The idea for a DYOC was mooted by team leader Nikol Goh (Year 2, Psychology), who wanted to do something meaningful in community building. Fueled by the determination to see the idea come to fruition, the initial team of four she pulled together managed to complete a quick recruitment via spreading the word and social media channels, eventually growing to a group of 10. They creatively named themselves PHamigo, tagging PH’s acronym to the word amigo which means ‘friend’ in Spanish.

Together with their mentors, PH Resident Fellows Dr Andi Sudjana Putra, Senior Lecturer at the College of Design and Engineering, and Associate Professor Wilson Tam, Deputy Head (Research) at NUS Nursing, the students formulated the intended learning outcomes through application of Bloom’s Taxonomy, an educational framework which categorises learning outcomes into seven ascending levels of thinking. Of the four intended learning outcomes from DYOC, evaluation of the community development journey required the PHamigo team to apply the sixth of seven levels of higher order learning, stretching the students' thinking.

“I was so proud that the students took charge of their own learning through DYOC. For example, the students themselves proposed the use of Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) in framing their project,” said Dr Andi, referring to the strategy for community development that focuses on identifying and using a community's existing assets to improve the community.

“Many times, the student discussions during the sessions were so rigorous that I did not have to intervene much! It was very heartwarming to witness students being fully immersed in their learning,” Dr Andi enthused.

In terms of activity planning, which was one of the deliverables of DYOC, the students planned for events, tours and hands-on experiences for local and international students alike to explore cultures, cuisines, and landmarks​ of Singapore. During the student-organised tours affectionately called OpenJio, drawing from the colloquial term for an all-inclusive invitation to an activity, the PHamigo team led students on fortnightly visits to events such as the Singapore Light Festival and the Formula 1 Singapore night race, as well as to prominent local landmarks such as Parliament House, the Istana, and the Merlion.

International students also had the chance to experience Singapore’s local childhood games, such as the time-honoured pastime of flipping country erasers. And not to be omitted in a country with an identity rooted in culinary appreciation, students also introduced cuisines from their respective cultures to each other, which they would not have had the chance to try if not for the PHamigo programme.

These activities spanning across the semester were especially valuable in helping international students, most of whom may not have been in Singapore during the orientation season before the start of the academic year, stay plugged into the community.

Elevating community development

To cap off a fulfilling semester of hard work, the PHamigo team also organised a large Batik painting activity on 17 and 19 October 2024. In addition to 40 students, the event also saw the participation of seven members of PH’s housekeeping staff. It was a way for the students to express their gratitude to the staff, who have worked quietly behind the scenes to maintain the cleanliness at PH. It was a serendipitous culmination of many different initiatives which melded together seamlessly – from PHamigo’s framework to elevate community development in their penultimate activity for the semester, to a group of international students who were introduced to batik, to other students who wanted to bring the housekeeping team at PH on an outing.

“We wanted to emphasise the idea that ‘community’ in PH is not only students, but also staff, including the housekeeping team, whom we are grateful for. We wanted to appreciate them as part of PH for all the work that they have done,” Nikol reflected.

“The students originally wanted to bring the housekeeping team on an outing. However, after speaking with them, we realised the challenges in doing so due to their working hours and commitments. Some also had mobility issues, making moving around difficult for them. It was then we learnt that what we think they need, may not be what they actually need,” Nikol added, sharing that this led the team to decide to hold the activity in PH instead.

In additional to its cultural relevance and roots in Southeast Asia, the application of batik creation also tapped on the concept of ABCD that framed the DYOC, such as a group of students keen to introduce it to the community, and the knowledge drawn from previous cluster activities that many fellow students at PH have artistic talents in drawing. The batik workshop was received positively by local and international students, some who found it therapeutic and stress-relieving.

Reflecting on the experience with PHamigo, Nguyen Ky Minh, a first-year international student from Vietnam. “I found PHamigo a very useful and fascinating exercise in cultural exploration. I especially enjoyed the OpenJio walks around Singapore, which helped us learn more about facets of the Singaporean cultural mosaic that we probably would have never encountered on our own. I certainly second the continuation of this initiative, which will undoubtedly complement PH residents’ time in Singapore.”

“I think many students possess theoretical knowledge of community development. However, from its application in PH through DYOC, it was fulfilling to witness how the activities based on the concept were so enthusiastically accepted by the community, and it left me impressed by how many lives the activities have touched,” said Nikol.

Registrations for the next PHamigo DYOC, which will take place next semester, have opened, and the community eagerly looks forward to more activities in their experience of living, learning, and growing together.

By Pioneer House

Forty-six NUS researchers have been placed among the world’s most prominent researchers, based on the Highly Cited Researchers 2024 List published by data analytics firm Clarivate. This annual recognition honours researchers who have demonstrated significant and far-reaching influence in their field of research.

The Highly Cited Researchers 2024 list features NUS researchers whose publications rank in the top 1 per cent by citations for their respective fields and publication year in the Web of Science over the past decade. These NUS honourees have made significant contributions to diverse fields including, Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Computer Science, Economics and Business, Engineering, Immunology, Materials Science, Microbiology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Physics, Psychiatry and Psychology and more.

This year, 6,636 researchers from 59 countries and regions have been named Highly Cited Researchers. In the list, 3,560 researchers have been recognised in specific fields and 3,326 researchers for cross-field impact, with 238 researchers being named in two or more fields.

Professor Liu Bin, NUS Deputy President (Research and Technology), said, “NUS is incredibly proud of our exceptional researchers, whose dedication to excellence and groundbreaking discoveries continue to push the frontiers of knowledge. Their meaningful contributions have had a profound impact in addressing real-world issues and paving the way towards a better future for all.”

David Pendlebury, Head of Research Analysis at the Institute for Scientific Information at Clarivate, said, “The Highly Cited Researchers list identifies and celebrates exceptional individual researchers at NUS whose significant and broad influence in their fields translates to impact in their research community. Their pioneering innovations contribute to a healthier, more sustainable and secure world. These researchers’ achievements strengthen the foundation of excellence and innovation that drives societal progress.”

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) at Clarivate creates a new list of Highly Cited Researchers each year based on a rolling 11-year window of citation evaluation by applying a rigorous editorial selection process to identify trusted journals in the Web of Science.

The 46 highly cited NUS researchers in their respective fields are:

By Assoc Prof (Joint) Mythily Subramaniam from NUS Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health

• The Straits Times, 9 November 2024, Insight, pB7

• Suria News Online, 9 November 2024

By Assoc Prof (Practice) Terence Ho from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS

• CNA Online, 13 November 2024

By Mr Carl Skadian, Senior Associate Director from the Middle East Institute at NUS

• CNA Online, 13 November 2024

By Dr Ng Weiyi from the Dept of Strategy and Policy at the NUS Business School

• The Straits Times, 13 November 2024, Opinion, pB3

By Visiting Prof Jeannette Ickovics from the Division of Social Sciences, and May Lee, a Psychology student, both from the Yale-NUS College

• The Straits Times, 13 November 2024, Opinion, pB4

By Dr Stefan Huebner, Senior Research Fellow from the Asia Research Institute at NUS

• CNA Online, 14 November 2024

NUS graduates are regarded as the ninth most employable in the world, according to the Global Employability University Ranking and Survey (GEURS) 2025.

Produced by French consultancy Emerging and published by the Times Higher Education, the annual study gathers global employer insights to rank the top 250 universities that are the best at developing career- and workplace-ready graduates.  

NUS has been consistently ranked in the top 10 since 2020. This year, it ranked second-highest in Asia behind eighth-placed The University of Tokyo. The first, second and third spots in the overall ranking went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology and Stanford University respectively.

Professor Aaron Thean, NUS Deputy President (Academic Affairs) and Provost said, “The NUS educational experience nurtures in our students a keen sense of curiosity, critical thinking, data-driven analytical skills, and global sensibilities. Strongly grounded in academics with market and global exposure, they are highly sought after across industries in Singapore and internationally, confident and ready to create impact and change. With technological disruptions now the norm, NUS is actively integrating skills and knowledge of fast-developing domains like AI and data analytics into our curriculum so that our students are future-ready.

“Our consistently high rankings in the Global Employability University Ranking and Survey are a testament to the quality of our interdisciplinary education and the outstanding capabilities of our graduates, who continue to thrive and lead in the competitive global workforce,” he added.

According to Emerging’s Co-founder and Managing Director Ms Sandrine Belloc, the three main drivers that positioned NUS in the top 10 were graduate skills, digital mindset and academic performance. With employability becoming a key benchmark for universities, NUS’ ranking reflects its commitment to preparing students for the future, she added. “By offering a combination of essential skills, a powerful network, and real-world job opportunities, they ensure students are ready to thrive in the workforce and excel in the years ahead."

Conducted between June to September 2024, the 2025 survey was expanded to include 13,240 international employers from 33 countries across five continents who recruited 1.3 million young graduates for non-technical, business, IT and engineering roles in 2024 to 2025.

Universities are assessed across 35 criteria, from which the following seven key employability drivers were identified: academic excellence, specialisation, graduate skills, digital mindset, focus on work expertise, social impact and leadership, and internationality

Nurturing diverse skills to prepare students for the future workplace

NUS has placed a strong emphasis on nurturing workplace-ready graduates. Earlier this year, the University launched the NUSOne initiative to foster a holistic and well-rounded university experience that integrates formal learning with student life and other out-of-classroom experiences to encourage greater self-directed personal growth and development.

Key features of the initiative include the Transition to Higher Education Programme, which offers courses to equip first-year students with academic and non-academic skills related to the science of learning and the use of generative AI tools; dedicating Wednesday afternoons for students to participate in non-academic activities, as well as the addition of a new sports-themed hostel named Valour House that seeks to build an active and inclusive community bonded through shared athletic experiences.

The University has also been intensifying efforts on equipping our students with career competencies to excel in the workplace. The NUS Centre for Future-ready Graduates supports students with a four-year career-readiness roadmap to encourage early career planning while broadening their exposure to industry.

They offer an impressive suite of resources and initiatives such as opportunities for overseas internships and study trips to fast-growing economies in Southeast Asia, India and China; career-readiness programmes including programmes like Career Booster and Career Advancement which advance students’ job search, interview, and workplace skills; access to a University-wide jobs and internships portal, mentorship programmes, dedicated career advisors, in addition to regular career fairs and recruitment talks.

By Dr Yu Hong, Senior Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 12 November 2024, Opinion, p18

By Prof Hsu Li Yang, Vice Dean of Global Health and Programme Leader for Infectious Diseases at the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS

• The Straits Times, 12 November 2024, Opinion, pB4

By Assoc Prof (Practice) Terence Ho, from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS

• The Straits Times, 11 November 2024, Opinion, pB4

• Channel 5 News, 10 November 2024
• 8world Online, 10 November 2024
• CNA Online, 11 November 2024

• The Straits Times, 11 November 2024, Life, pC4

• The Straits Times, 11 November 2024, Science, pA16
• The New Paper, 11 November 2024
• Tamil Murasu Online, 11 November 2024

• The Straits Times, 11 November 2024, Singapore, pA14

Whether it is providing academic support to vulnerable youth or befriending seniors living alone, heartwarming stories of NUS students working to uplift local and regional communities abound each year. Embodying the University’s spirit of service to country and society, members of the NUS Community Service Club (NUS CSC) have been key drivers of volunteerism among our student population over the past 22 years.  

Through NUS CSC programmes, more than 1,300 NUS students clocked close to 15,500 volunteer hours in the last academic year. Three of the club’s members share what inspired their passion for service, the various ways they are making a difference in the community and how their efforts have enriched the lives of many – including their own.

Dewi Murni Bte Musa: Leading change through community service

Dewi Murni Bte Musa, a Year 4 student at the NUS Faculty of Science, began volunteering at the age of 16. But it was a seemingly ordinary day chaperoning primary school students for a national education show in 2018, held in conjunction with Singapore’s National Day Parade, that ignited her passion for community service.

At the end of the show, a primary schooler, beaming with excitement, thanked her for the day he had and told her that he aspired to be like her in the future. “It was a touching moment that made me realise the power of making someone’s day,” said Dewi, recalling that pivotal moment.

Since then, Dewi has dedicated herself to various community projects, both within and beyond Singapore. Now, in her fourth year at NUS CSC, Dewi has been elected the Club’s president, and set her sights on making an even bigger impact.

Reflecting on her time at NUS CSC, Dewi shared that her involvement in various programmes and projects played a significant role in her personal development. For example, as former Assistant Project Director, Dewi led a team of nearly 160 volunteers in Project C.A.N. XXI to prepare specially curated care packs containing food and essential items for low-income households in Choa Chu Kang and Tampines. The massive undertaking sharpened her organisational skills and taught her the importance of adaptability in team dynamics.

Yet, it was her moments of connection with community members at one NUS CSC Day that stood out most vividly to her. The annual event brings together NUS CSC’s four main sectors – children and youth, persons with intellectual disabilities, the elderly and those with life-limiting illnesses and healthcare. As a game master for the day, Dewi met a secondary school student from one of their partner organisations who told her that it felt like a dream to come to NUS. Her words struck a chord with Dewi who was reminded of her own childhood, when a university education seemed like an unattainable dream. “I’m the first in my extended family to attend university, so growing up, I didn’t really have anyone to talk to about getting a higher education,” she said. “But I was so happy that through CSC Day, we were able to give this young girl that opportunity,” she added.

Empowerment for youth and children is a cause that resonates with Dewi deeply, and she aspires to one day, build a passion project working with schools in rural areas, particularly in Indonesia, where she is fluent in the language and familiar with the culture.

As the incoming president of NUS CSC, Dewi envisions a club that not only mobilises volunteers but also fosters leadership and personal growth for its members. “We want to ensure that our volunteers are adequately prepared before they engage with community members and cultivate an environment where they can thrive as volunteer leaders,” she said. “I also want to see our club evolve to meet the changing needs of both our volunteers and the community.”

For those considering joining NUS CSC, Dewi encourages them to embrace the experience with an open mind and a willingness to learn. “It’s all about stepping out of your comfort zone and discovering the impact you can make,” she says, inviting new volunteers to share in the transformative power of community service.

Lim Si En: Painting lives, one home at a time

Like Dewi, Lim Si En, a Year 3 student at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), began his volunteering journey in junior college, tutoring primary school students and volunteering his time at national events like the National Day Parade. His passion for service led him to join NUS CSC in his first year at NUS. “Volunteering called out to me more than other CCAs,” he recalled, highlighting the breadth and accessibility of projects that resonate with his desire to help others.

In his second year, Si En took on the role of Project Director for NUS CSC’s annual Paint-A-Home initiative, pouring his heart into every detail of the six-month-long project, from recruiting committee members to collaborating with partner organisations. “Seeing our labour pay off was incredibly fulfilling,” he says, reflecting on the tangible improvements made in the homes they painted.

For Si En, the initiative was more than just applying a fresh coat of paint; it was about building relationships with community members to understand their needs and preferences, ensuring that his team’s work truly reflected the desires of those they served.

“The initial visit helped break the ice and build rapport,” he explained. This rapport was crucial, as many of the community members they assisted were elderly or from low-income families, facing various challenges. As Si En and most of his team members had no prior experience with painting, they contacted an organisation for painting lessons. The team also held a practice run, painting the multipurpose hall at the PERTAPIS Centre for Women and Girls, which kindly offered them use of the space for a trial session.

“Once we finished painting, the visible improvement felt great. We knew we made a difference,” he shared, acknowledging that their work wasn’t perfect but was heartfelt and impactful.

Si En’s commitment to the community extends beyond NUS CSC. As a Volunteer Welfare Officer with the Ministry of Social and Family Development since 2023, he conducts check-ins with families at risk of child neglect. “It’s an eye-opening experience,” he admits. “Even as I help others, I learn so much about the challenges they face.”

Hope Sng Xin Le: A heart for service

Taking over the reins from Si En at Clementi Youth Sparks this semester is Hope Sng Xin Le, a Year 2 NUS FASS student who embodies the spirit of service and compassion. Specialising in Social Work and Political Science, Hope’s journey into the realm of social service is deeply rooted in her own experiences and the values instilled in her by her family.

Growing up, Hope faced some challenges in her childhood. “My grandparents helped me through that tough time,” she recalled, citing this early experience as the spark that ignited her passion for social work. 

Another source of inspiration was a documentary that highlighted how exposure to domestic violence can ripple through generations. “It’s important to break the cycle of violence,” she remarked.

Hope’s academic pursuits complement her passion. Studying Political Science gives her insight into governmental structures and resource allocation, while her Social Work studies provide a ground-level perspective on societal issues. “Social work is where my calling is,” she says, expressing a desire to join Child or Adult Protective Services upon graduation to safeguard vulnerable individuals and families.

Hope’s commitment to volunteering blossomed at NUS, where she joined NUS CSC in her first year. At Ethelontêr, the NUS CSC’s orientation camp for incoming NUS students, she was introduced to various volunteer opportunities, including Havenue, a programme supporting individuals with life-limiting illnesses. “Havenue is my happy place,” she states with warmth, volunteering there two to three times a month.

Her work at Havenue holds a profound significance for her. Engaging with the elderly patients has reshaped her perspective on life and death. One particularly poignant memory is of Uncle Chew, a vibrant 90-year-old she befriended during his last days. His passing, along with that of another patient, reminded her of life’s fragility and the importance of cherishing every moment. “These experiences have shown me how precious life is,” she reflects, prompting her to be more expressive of her love and appreciation for those around her.

In Academic Year 2023/2024, Hope served the highest number of volunteer hours among all NUS CSC volunteers, staggering her time between seven projects throughout the year. Pulling off the 2024 edition of Ethelontêr as Assistant Project Director is something she is particularly proud of and she expressed her deep appreciation for her fellow organising committee members for being a strong support system during the five-month project where things were ‘fast and furious’.

“Prior to university, I thought of volunteering as something that was part of the school requirements. But over the past year, I realised my deeper calling to serve the community. It has strengthened my desire to pursue social work as a major and has been a source of joy and meaning in my life,” said Hope.

By Dr Azhar Ibrahim Alwee, Senior Lecturer at the Dept of Malay Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at NUS

• Suria News Online, 10 November 2024

• The Sunday Times, 10 November 2024, The Big Story, pA6
• The New Paper, 10 November 2024

NUS Enterprise, the entrepreneurial arm of NUS, has expanded its global presence with the launch of BLOCK71 Nagoya. Officially inaugurated on 10 October 2024 by Mr Heng Swee Keat, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, BLOCK71 Nagoya is the first BLOCK71 location in Japan, strengthening a global BLOCK71 network that spans Southeast Asia, the United States, and China. The new office aims to create a technology-focused ecosystem connecting Japan and Southeast Asia, providing Southeast Asian start-ups with the support needed to navigate Japan’s cultural and business nuances, and helping Japanese start-ups scale and grow across Southeast Asia.

This milestone strengthens NUS’ long-standing partnership with the Aichi government and the city of Nagoya. The collaboration between NUS and Aichi dates back to 2018, with joint efforts focusing on driving cross-border innovation and entrepreneurship. Key initiatives include the NUS Summer Programme in Entrepreneurship, Asia’s largest university start-up showcase InnovFest, and the NUS Enterprise Market Immersion Programme in Japan which was launched last year. The opening of BLOCK71 Nagoya is the latest chapter in this collaboration and reflects a shared commitment to nurturing vibrant start-up ecosystems in both countries.

Following its official inauguration, BLOCK71 Nagoya opened its doors to start-ups on 1 November 2024, providing a dedicated space for entrepreneurs to collaborate, innovate, and access essential resources. The operational opening of the centre was graced by His Excellency Hideaki Omura, the Governor of Aichi Prefecture, who was joined by NUS President Professor Tan Eng Chye; Associate Professor Benjamin Tee, Vice President (Ecosystem Building), NUS Enterprise; Professor Naoshi Sugiyama, President of Nagoya University; and Mr Hirotaka Sahashi, President and CEO of STATION Ai Corporation.

Unlike other BLOCK71 global offices that focus on incubation, BLOCK71 in Japan prioritises market launch activities due to the country’s mature start-up landscape. BLOCK71 Nagoya and other future Japanese offices will support start-ups in developing Proof of Concept (PoC), securing funding, establishing partnerships, and integrating into the BLOCK71 global network. Beyond providing physical workspaces within partners’ co-working facilities, BLOCK71 in Japan will deploy dedicated staff across key cities to identify growth opportunities and help start-ups capitalise on Japan’s multifaceted market environment.

“Japan’s business environment is renowned for its rich traditions, strong emphasis on relationships, and high standards. Through BLOCK71 in Japan, we aim to empower Southeast Asian entrepreneurs to navigate this unique market, while simultaneously supporting Japanese start-ups in exploring opportunities in Southeast Asia. Located within STATION Ai, the largest start-up support centre in Japan, BLOCK71 Nagoya is well-positioned to cultivate a global ecosystem that fosters cross-border innovation. Our focus is on providing comprehensive business support, facilitating meaningful partnerships, and developing strategic roadmaps for growth that will benefit all involved,” said Prof Tan.

Prof Chen Tsuhan, NUS Deputy President (Innovation and Enterprise), highlighted the valuable resources available at BLOCK71 Nagoya. “By leveraging BLOCK71’s extensive global network and over a decade of experience in catalysing start-up communities, start-ups in Nagoya will have access to crucial resources such as technology, talent, markets and funding opportunities between Singapore and Japan. This new hub will not only support local start-ups but also attract international talent to Aichi, contributing to a vibrant, globally connected start-up environment. Additionally, BLOCK71 Nagoya will support start-ups in refining their go-to-market and fundraising strategies, which are essential for successful international expansion.”

Collaboration with ENEOS to enhance innovation

In addition to the launch of BLOCK71 Nagoya, NUS has formed a strategic partnership with ENEOS Holdings, Inc. (ENEOS), one of Japan’s largest energy companies, on 31 October 2024. This collaboration aims to enhance venture-building activities for NUS start-ups by exposing them to real-world industry challenges. Together, NUS Enterprise and ENEOS will work together to identify promising Southeast Asian start-ups and innovative solutions that can tackle critical industry issues relating to mobility, decarbonisation, the circular economy, and artificial intelligence. 

"Collaborating with NUS Enterprise provides ENEOS with a unique opportunity to harness the dynamic energy of Southeast Asia's start-up ecosystem,” said Mr Miyata Tomohide, Representative Director, CEO of ENEOS. “By engaging with innovative start-ups, we can gain fresh insights and co-create solutions that address the pressing challenges in our industry. This partnership will not only enhance our ability to adapt to market changes but also position us at the forefront of sustainable energy advancements. We are eager to work alongside these visionary entrepreneurs to drive meaningful progress in the energy sector.” 

Assimilating to the Japanese social fabric via the Market Immersion Programme

Recognising Japan’s culturally distinct business environment, BLOCK71 launched the Japan Immersion Programme last year to provide tailored support for Southeast Asian start-ups to better understand the Japanese market. The programme is structured in two phases: a pre-programme held in Singapore and an immersion phase in Japan.

From mid-August to the end of September 2024, the second cohort of five Singaporean start-ups participated in a series of lectures and mentorship sessions during the pre-programme. These activities equipped them with essential skills for developing their go-to-market (GTM) strategies and effective fundraising techniques to support their market expansion in Japan.

The immersion phase, during which the five start-ups engaged directly with potential Japanese partners, took place from 28 October to 1 November 2024 in Japan. Leveraging BLOCK71’s expansive network, the start-ups were invited to a site visit in Aichi Prefecture, participated in individual business meetings with Japanese stakeholders, and attended Messe Nagoya 2024, one of Japan’s largest cross-industry trade fairs. The Immersion Programme concluded with a pitching event organised by the Aichi government, which coincided with the operational opening of BLOCK71 Nagoya. This event provided a platform for the start-ups to showcase their refined pitching skills, demonstrating their potential to attract investment.

“We have secured collaboration interests with manufacturers in Nagoya, thanks to the support and opportunities provided by BLOCK71 Nagoya, JETRO, and ForStartups. The factory visits were immensely productive, giving us first-hand insights into the pain points of our prospective clients. We look forward to strengthening our partnerships with our Japanese colleagues and continuing to benefit from the comprehensive support of the NUS Enterprise ecosystem,” said Mr Ricky Vian Kartolo, CEO of Indas Technologies.

“Through the Japan Immersion Programme, we had the opportunity to speak with potential partners and gain insights into the business environment in Japan. The programme was valuable as it included factory visits, one-on-one corporate meetings, and an exhibition, allowing us to connect with a variety of partners throughout the week,” said Low Jin Huat, CEO of RoPlus.

By NUS Enterprise

• Tabla!, 8 November 2024, p5

By Dr Harry Tan, Research Fellow from the Policy Lab at the Institute of Policy Studies, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS; Ms Vanessa Lim, Social Worker and Research Analyst at New Hope Community Services; Ms Belle Phang, a Year 6 Student at ACS (Independent); and Mr Brian Monteiro, Manager from the Shelters and Programs at Catholic Welfare Services

• CNA Online, 8 November 2024

The second iteration of the NUS Achievement Awards (NAA), held on 26 October 2024 at the University Cultural Centre, brought together students, alumni and family members to honour and celebrate the stellar contributions of the recipients across the spectrum of student life, an integral aspect of an NUS education.

NAA is the most prestigious and only University-level award recognising the exceptional achievements of student life beyond academics. This year’s awards ceremony showcased the extraordinary talents and dedication of NUS students in six categories: Arts, Community Impact, Competitions (General), Leadership, Sports, and Recognition. The awards honoured 78 recipients and over 560 students for their outstanding contributions in these six categories.

Referring to the NAA as a “cherished tradition”, Guest-of-Honour, NUS President Professor Tan Eng Chye, said in his opening address, “This momentous occasion brings us together to honour the remarkable accomplishments of our students. Student life plays a pivotal role in the NUSOne initiative that we have recently embarked on. This holistic approach is designed to foster personal growth and development, equipping our students to become well-rounded individuals who are future-ready.”

“The theme for this year’s Awards, Celebrate Passion, resonates deeply with the spirit of this event, honouring the passion that drives you to excel in each of these diverse areas,” Prof Tan added.

Unveiling of new awards memento

Starting this year, a specially commissioned memento, crafted with sustainability and durability in mind, was given to the award recipients. Presented in two sizes, for individual and group recipients respectively, the versatile porcelain memento was developed over a year-long collaboration between the NUS Office of Student Affairs and the Design Incubation Centre at the College of Design and Engineering.

“NAA celebrates the pinnacle of student success beyond the classroom. This height is reached when students’ passion drives their boundless creativity and strength, where each find their own definition of individual and social impact,” said NUS Dean of Students Associate Professor Ho Han Kiat.

“Therefore, instead of an off-the-shelf trophy, a specially designed memento will help reflect the same spirit in its creation, and one that is built-to-purpose and accomplishes more based on your imagination,” Assoc Prof Ho added.

Fresh focus on the arts and sustainability

Two new categories in the areas of sustainability and the arts were added to NAA this year.

In celebration of the vibrant campus arts scene, the Arts category honours a range of artistic achievements by individual students, co-curricular activities, and hostel groups, reflecting the University’s commitment to fostering an Arts-for-All campus.

Among the arts CCAs, NUS Indian Instrumental Ensemble (IIE) was the most prominent, receiving a total of four group awards, including one Distinction for their production, Desi-Lah: The Rhythm of Home. The music showcase featuring the stories of migrant workers living in Singapore through music from their hometowns, saw the IIE members demonstrating their commitment and hard work by learning new languages and instruments to accurately represent the six different Indian states.

“We are incredibly proud to receive these awards. It is an honour to have our efforts recognised, as it shows that our desire to create meaningful music has resonated with so many,” said Uma Gowri Ramanathan, former President of NUS IIE and Year 4 Sociology undergraduate.

The other new category―the Eco Champions award, recognises student groups that have made significant contributions to environmental sustainability. The inaugural recipients were the NUS Students’ Union, SunNUS and Tembusu College, in recognition of their efforts in encouraging sustainability principles throughout the organisation and implementation of student events.

Community spirit shines bright

A common theme among this year’s Distinction award recipients was care for the community.

NUS Malay Language Society’s Pentas Budaya, a production exploring the social phenomenon of child fostering through dialogues and guidance from Teater Ekamatra, received the Distinction award for Original Artistic Work of the Year. The student-led production creatively incorporated tableaux scenes and live Oud music in their storytelling.

Project Athlead by the NUS Medical Society, which received a Distinction award in the Community Impact category, brought the joy of sports to children from disadvantaged households. By partnering with Beyond Social Services and Singapore Children's Society, the team members provided the children with wider access to sports such as diverse sports activities and training with coaches.

“Our team felt really passionate about providing unique sporting experiences to kids who may not have had such experiences. I undertook this project because I wanted to work with the Singapore Concert Society branch which works with children in my neighbourhood. We feel absolutely happy and acknowledged with this award from NAA,” said co-team lead Selvaraj Vijayaragavan (Year 4, NUS Medicine)

One of two Distinction Awards for Leadership this year was presented to Year 3 Pharmacy undergraduate Nicolette Koh, who championed community causes and raised awareness for people with disabilities among her peers during her term as President of NUS Enabler.

Nicolette, who was diagnosed with profound hearing loss during childhood, introduced Singapore Sign Language classes taught by deaf instructors to the NUS community. She was also instrumental in rallying support within NUS to field the University’s first contingent at the Purple Parade, a national platform to promote awareness and celebrate the abilities of persons with special needs.

“This award means a lot to me as an inclusive leader who values working alongside peers to ensure each voice is heard and valued. It signifies my commitment to empowering the persons with disabilities community as equals and advocating for the best inclusive practices within our NUS community,” Nicolette said.

Strength and resilience embodied

The spirit of determination and resilience was another theme that resonated amongst award recipients, including Year 4 Architecture undergraduate Eugene Tan, who took home the Distinction award in the Competitions (General) category. On his seventh time competing at The Architecture Drawing Prize 2023, he emerged top in the Digital Category with his winning design. Developed during his final year at NUS, it used an unconventional circular composition of Pedra Branca to convey new understandings of time, ecology, and orientation. 

“The award is a recognition of all the hard work and effort that I have put into developing my architecture projects beyond my studies. It is work that is not seen on the transcripts and truly validates the time and effort that I have committed,” Eugene said.

TeamNUS Silat exponent Nurul Irbah Binte Muhammad Razali and swimmer Nicholas Cheong, who received Merit awards for Sportswoman and Sportsman of the Year respectively, recalled how they bounced back from significant sports injuries to emerge triumphant in their respective sporting events.

It was an inspiring return to international competition in 2023 for final-year Life Sciences undergraduate Irbah. After a three-year absence from the national team, she represented Singapore at the 2024 ASEAN University Games. Persevering through the pain of an ankle injury sustained during the finals, Irbah emerged victorious to score a hard-fought gold medal. This was her third gold of the year, on top of the two other gold medals she received at the Tertiary Silat Competition, where she was also named Best Female Athlete.

Nicholas, a Year 2 Business student, sustained a wrist injury that required surgery, followed by a period of rest for four months before he could return to training. He bounced back to represent Singapore at the 2024 ASEAN University Games, clinching a silver medal in the 50m breaststroke. His win was especially significant as his elder brother, Christopher Cheong, had also received the same award five years ago. 

Togetherness and human connection

Though absent in person due to being on an exchange programme, Distinction award recipient for Performing Arts Student Leader of the Year, Lim Kai Ling (Year 3, College of Humanities and Sciences) still managed to find her way ‘on stage’ not just once, but twice – thanks to the efforts of her teammates from NUS Arts Production Crew (NAPC). In good humour, they created a life-sized standee of her and used it to great effect to accept the award on her behalf, along with the NAPC’s Arts Group of the Year Distinction award.

Visit this page to find out more about the NAA and to view the full list of this year’s recipients.

By NUS Office of Student Affairs

• Lianhe Zaobao Online, 6 November 2024
• CNA, 6 November 2024
• CNA938, 6 November 2024
• 8world Online, 6 November 2024
• Suria News Online, 7 November 2024

• The Straits Times, 7 November 2024, Business, pA32
• The Business Times, 7 November 2024, p4
• Lianhe Zaobao, 7 November 2024, Business, p30
• Berita Harian Online, 7 November 2024

By Dr Leong Sai Mun, Asst Prof (Research) from the Dept of Pathology and Primary Member at the Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 7 November 2024, Opinion, p30

By Dr Bellam Sreenivasulu

Currently, Singapore relies heavily on natural gas, which accounts for 95 per cent of its energy needs, highlighting the critical need for diversification into renewable sources. According to the Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore, solar energy has the potential to meet approximately 17 per cent of the nation’s electricity demand. Singapore’s Green Plan is ambitiously targeting a six-fold increase in its solar electricity capacity, aiming to achieve 2 Gigawatt-peak (GWp) of solar electricity by 2030, up from the current 300.3 Megawatt-peak (MWp) in its commitment to addressing climate change, and towards safeguarding the nation’s energy security.

This focus on solar energy is driven by key challenges that include limited land availability for ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and Singapore’s constraints on wind and nuclear energy options, making solar energy a pivotal component of its renewable energy strategy. The growth of solar PV installations in Singapore will be significant, with plans to reach a capacity of 6 GWp through the utilisation of rooftops and floating PV systems.

In our recent study, published in Applied Energy in August 2024, we employed systems thinking and system dynamics (ST&SD) modelling methodology to evaluate Singapore’s aspiring solar energy capacity targets, carbon emission savings, and the overall energy mix.

Understanding energy systems through a system dynamics approach

ST&SD is a methodology designed to understand the holistic behaviour of complex systems over time. It encompasses several key stages/processes: problem structuring, which involves identifying and framing the problem within the system’s context; causal loop modelling, which creates a qualitative model to show feedback loops and causal relationships; dynamic modelling, which develops stock and flow diagrams as quantitative models for formulation and simulation to generate  system behaviour under various scenarios; scenario planning and modelling, which explores different future scenarios and their potential impacts; and implementation and organisational learning, which applies insights from modelling to real-world situations and fosters a culture of continuous learning and adaptation. This methodology is a powerful tool for tackling complex problems by providing a structured approach to understanding and influencing system behaviour over time.

Adopting this systems approach, we considered four main subsystems to include in the model for formulation and quantification, namely installation of PV panels, cost of solar electricity, carbon emission savings, and energy demand. The base model simulations focused on key variables affecting solar electricity capacity, including comparing peak solar capacity with the government’s expected peak capacity, the share of solar electricity in Singapore’s national grid, and net carbon emission savings. Policy simulations and evaluations were conducted by appending the base model with other policy scenarios, such as area and utilisation factors for PV installations, as well as subsidies and panel efficiency. Simulations were performed on these policies individually and in combination to provide a comprehensive analysis of their impacts.

Meeting our solar energy targets ahead of schedule

According to projections by the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, the share of solar energy in the national grid is expected to be between 2 to 6 per cent in 2030 and 3.5 to 8 per cent in 2040, with carbon emission savings of 0.5 to 1.4 million tonnes per annum in 2030 and 0.8 to 2.1 million tonnes per annum in 2040. Our simulations and policy scenarios align with these projections, showing that the share of solar energy could reach 3.9 per cent in 2030 and 5.1 per cent in 2040, with annual net carbon emission savings of 1.1 million tonnes in 2030 and 2 million tonnes in 2040. These results indicate that Singapore is on track to meet its solar capacity target of 2 GWp by 2030, potentially even earlier by 2028.

Based on the results of our study, we recommend for Singapore to aim for an 8 percent share of total electricity generation by 2040 to effectively implement Green Plan policies such as enhanced land use efficiency, subsidies, and improved solar panel efficiency. Additionally, Singapore needs to explore additional alternative energy sources to meet its growing energy demand and net-zero targets while ensuring energy security.

The ST&SD methodology discussed here can complement existing initiatives and policies by various agencies, stakeholders and the government in planning long-term energy security solutions for a land-scarce country like Singapore. These efforts will be crucial for securing an environmentally friendly energy mix and deployment in Singapore’s context.

This study was developed as part of a semester-long undergraduate research project under the UTC2704 Projects in Systems course offered at Residential College 4. In this senior seminar, each student under supervision will apply ST&SD methodologies and skills to simulate and understand complex issues, including those related to energy systems, such as sustainable energy, renewable energy, and carbon emissions.

About the author

Dr Bellam Sreenivasulu is a Senior Lecturer and Resident Fellow at Residential College 4. He teaches systems thinking and system dynamics courses and supervise students in relation to energy systems and related issues on sustainable energy production, energy supply and demand, energy security, and carbon emissions. Dr Bellam is passionate about designing and implementing effective, impactful, interdisciplinary, student‐centred pedagogy to enhance students' critical and systems thinking skills.

By Dr Woo Jun Jie, Senior Lecturer from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS

• CNA Online, 7 November 2024

• The Straits Times Online, 6 November 2024

• The Straits Times Online, 6 November 2024

By Associate Professor Simon Tay, from the Faculty of Law at NUS

• The Straits Times, 6 November 2024, Opinion, pB3

• 8world Online, 28 October
• Lianhe Zaobao, 29 October, Business, p19

• Lianhe Zaobao, 29 October, Singapore, p5

• CNA, 28 October
• Lianhe Zaobao, 29 October, Singapore, p7

A book edited by Assistant Professor Sreeja Nair from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Dr Navarun Varma, Senior Lecturer from Residential College 4, titled “Emerging Pedagogies for Policy Education: Insights from Asia", has been recognised as the 2024 Outstanding Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Book Award Winner by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs and Administration (NASPAA). The NUS team received the prestigious prize at the NASPAA’s Annual Conference which took place from 23 to 25 October 2024 in Washington DC.

The 13-chapter, 254-page collection is the culmination of effort and academic excellence by 22 authors, who are active in both policy research and design or teaching of policy-oriented courses. These authors, who have worked or are currently working for Asian universities and institutions of higher education, include Professor Nancy Gleason, Professor Robert Wasson, Associate Professor Lakshminarayanan Samavedham, Ms Yong Bee Choon, Dr Lynette Tan and Dr Naviyn Prabhu Balakrishnan.

Presented in two parts, the book highlights key trends driving changes in policy education and presents a variety of pedagogies (or teaching methods) aimed at equipping educators and policy designers to have a greater impact on learning and policy practice. It also brings to the table an Asian perspective in this field, drawing on the authors' experiences in teaching students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as well as in professional programmes such as executive education, training, and capacity building for mid-career professionals and practitioners across selected universities in Asia.

"When I first shared my vision for a book that merges pedagogy and content for a more interdisciplinary approach to the teaching and learning of policy studies, I faced scepticism. Some advised me to keep pedagogy and content as separate pursuits. However, courses at the NUS Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology sparked my interest in pedagogical content knowledge and enabled me to pursue this vision," said Senior Lecturer Dr Varma, who also shared that this recognition from NASPAA has motivated him to further develop their learning community, the ‘Design Principles for Impact-driven Policy Education’ at NUS.

“Winning an award from NASPAA, a premier global accreditation body for public service education is a recognition of the rise of policy education in Asia” said Asst Prof Nair. “Curating this volume has been a rewarding journey, transforming a project borne out of sheer curiosity into a long-term research agenda,” she added.

The launch of the National Graduate Research Innovation Programme (National GRIP) is a significant advancement for Singapore’s deep tech ecosystem. Set to launch in January 2025, National GRIP aims to train up to 300 start-up teams by 2028 and foster over 150 spin-offs by 2030, backed by a commitment of S$50 million in financial and in-kind support over five years. This collaborative effort between the National Research Foundation (NRF), NUS and the Nanyang Technological University (NTU Singapore) was announced by Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of NRF, Mr Heng Swee Keat at the Research, Innovation and Enterprise Deep Tech Day, on the second day of the Singapore Week of Innovation & Technology (SWITCH) on 29 October 2024.

National GRIP integrates two successful incubator programmes—NUS’ Graduate Research Innovation Programme 2.0 (NUS GRIP 2.0) and NTU’s Lean Launchpad (LLP 2.0). Together, these programmes have successfully incubated over 400 start-up teams, creating close to 160 spin-offs. The new programme will be a comprehensive incubator programme designed to bridge the gap between scientific research and market application. It will support start-up teams by helping them refine their initial ideas, validate market needs, and design robust business models through a structured programme framework. Participants will also benefit from personalised mentorship from industry leaders and access to a network of experts.

Associate Professor Benjamin Tee, Vice President (Ecosystem Building) at NUS Enterprise said, “We are pleased to partner with NTU in launching the National GRIP initiative with the support of NRF. This initiative integrates the two leading programmes to further mature our deep tech start-up ecosystem in Singapore, equipping teams with essential building blocks from idea validation to market readiness. By integrating the best practices and insights from our individual programmes, we are confident that National GRIP will accelerate growth of globally competitive deep tech start-ups by providing a well-structured end-to-end support that closely aligns with our nation’s RIE strategic plans.”

 Accelerating start-ups' growth and success

Designed for founders, innovators, and researchers from Singapore’s autonomous universities (AUs) and A*STAR research institutes (RIs), the 12-month programme offers access to a dynamic network of resources. They can leverage intellectual property from AUs, and A*STAR RIs have the opportunity to join existing teams in NUS GRIP 2.0 and LLP 2.0. With this extensive pool of resources, National GRIP fosters deep tech venture creation that draws on each institution’s distinctive strengths.

As a platform that aggregates a critical mass of deep tech start-ups, teams can be effectively matched with suitable investors and vice versa. National GRIP will deepen partnerships with deep tech venture capitalists (VCs) and venture builders, such as current NUS GRIP 2.0 strategic partners Legend Capital, SOSV Investments LLC and Vertex Holdings, by involving them early in the programme to provide stronger commercial insights to the teams. These partners help to support start-ups by increasing their investment readiness and access to specialised markets and deepening their industry expertise.

Additionally, there are plans to leverage the VCs’ networks to attract experienced founders who can team up with the start-up teams as co-founders, advisors or collaborators to accelerate the start-ups’ growth. To help start-ups scale and expand internationally, National GRIP will also act as a springboard for start-ups to go beyond local connections, leveraging the global network of NUS BLOCK71.

Dr Wen Hsieh, Founding Managing Partner, Matter Venture Partners, another strategic partner of NUS’ GRIP 2.0, said, “National GRIP is very timely in its launch. Deep tech innovations are playing critical roles in the rapid advancement of semiconductors, electronics, robotics, AI, manufacturing, energy infrastructure, space tech, and life sciences. National GRIP streamlines the creation of deep tech start-ups in Singapore, enabling them to hone their business plans, build founding teams, raise seed financing, and formulate collaboration strategies with industry players.” National GRIP offers venture capital firms opportunities to partner and support these start-ups, thus not only enhancing the success rate of local deep tech start-ups but also attracting deep tech entrepreneurs and talent from beyond Singapore. It’s a privilege for my firm and I to be closely associated with the GRIP community," he added.

Many aspiring start-ups and founders among NUS GRIP 2.0 alumni

NUS GRIP 2.0 has supported researchers and entrepreneurs in transforming university research into market-ready innovations. Since its inception in 2018, NUS GRIP 2.0 has nurtured nearly 170 start-up teams, with around 100 successfully evolving into spin-offs, collectively raising almost S$65 million in external funding.

Among the start-ups is Kit Yong, Founder of Forte Biotech and former NUS GRIP 2.0 participant, who was also recognised in the Forbes 30 Under 30 list for 2024. Sharing his perspectives on the programme’s potential, Kit said that the combined cachet of National GRIP, alongside the 'Made in Singapore' brand, lends significant weight and visibility to start-ups, especially when expanding their venture in overseas markets. He added that it is easier to make an impact together when Singaporean brands band together and venture overseas.

When asked what advice he would offer aspiring start-ups, Kit highlighted the importance of achieving product-market fit. “Developing technology just for the sake of it isn’t sufficient. It’s crucial to align with market demands and ensure the product has a meaningful purpose.”

As National GRIP gears up for its launch next year, Singapore’s start-up ecosystem is set for further growth, advancing the nation’s role as a leader in deep tech innovation and entrepreneurship. For more information on how to participate, prospective founders and teams can visit the National GRIP website.

By NUS Enterprise

• CNA Online, 3 November 2024
• Channel 5 News, 3 November 2024
• 8world Online, 3 November 2024
• Suria News Online, 3 November 2024
• Vasantham News Online, 3 November 2024
• The Straits Times, 4 November 2024, Singapore, pA15
• Lianhe Zaobao, 4 November 2024, Front Page
• Berita Harian, 4 November 2024, p2
• Tamil Murasu, 4 November 2024, p2

• 8world Online, 2 November 2024
• zbSunday, 3 November 2024, News, Front Page

• zbSunday, 3 November 2024, News, p14

• Lianhe Zaobao, 30 October 2024, zbNow, p3

By Adj Assoc Prof Jeremy Lim, from the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS and Koh Lin Pin, an incoming student at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at NUS

• CNA Online, 30 October 2024

By Assoc Prof Simon Tay, from the Faculty of Law at NUS

• The Business Times, 30 October 2024, p15

• Berita Harian, 30 October 2024, p10

• Money 89.3FM, 29 October 2024
• The Straits Times, 30 October 2024, pA17 and pA18
• Berita Harian Online, 30 October 2024

• CNA, 29 October 2024
• Channel 5 News, 29 October 2024
• 8world Online, 29 October 2024
• CNA938, 29 October 2024
• Money 89.3FM, 29 October 2024
• Tamil Murasu Online, 29 October 2024
• The Straits Times, 30 October 2024, The Big Story, pA4
• The Business Times, 30 October 2024, p4
• Lianhe Zaobao, 30 October 2024, Singapore, p8
• Berita Harian, 30 October 2024, p2

• The Straits Times, 4 November 2024, Science, pA16
• The New Paper, 4 November 2024

• The New Paper, 31 October 2024
• The Straits Times, 2 November 2024, Singapore, pA17

• CNA, 1 November 2024
• 8world, 1 November 2024
• 8world Online, 1 November 2024  
• Vasantham News, 1 November 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 2 November 2024, Singapore, p11
• The New Paper, 2 November 2024

An elderly woman sits in her wheelchair, eagerly awaiting her son’s weekly visit. But the man who walks through the door with a bouquet of flowers is a stranger to her, and instead of welcoming him, she cries out for her caregiver to send him away.

After the man tries and fails to convince her that he is indeed her son, the caregiver suggests playing some music to awaken his mother’s memories and bring her mind back to reality, knowing that she used to be a passionate opera singer. Upon hearing a familiar tune, the old woman’s fear melts away and she shares a brief, precious moment of singing and playing music with her son like they used to. All too soon, the moment passes and she retreats into her own world again, but her son is filled with gratitude for the experience, as fleeting as it was.

This is a scene from the opera Losing Lily, which had its world premiere on 15 and 16 October 2024, the culmination of a four-year long project about dementia and music, titled LILY, that comprises Losing Lily and a documentary called A Day A Lily. The project is based on the personal experiences of initiator and co-creator Dr Wong Su Sun and scientific research into the link between music and memory.

While the scene is fictional, the experience of being repeatedly forgotten by someone who should know them well will be familiar to many Singaporeans who have a loved one with dementia. What is perhaps less common is the knowledge that music has a remarkable power to unlock memories and bring moments of joy to people with dementia.

The project aims to raise social awareness of dementia and the use of music to help patients cope with the disease. Research into music interventions for health and well-being is a growing field that is studied in NUS at the Centre for Music and Health (CMH) in the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music (YST).

Raising awareness through opera

Dementia has been poorly understood for many years, but with Singapore’s rapidly ageing population, it is becoming a social issue that cannot be ignored. About 1 in 11 people aged 60 and above in Singapore today have dementia, and the total number of people with dementia is projected to reach 152,000 in 2030.

The LILY project uses opera and documentary film to bring emotion into what could otherwise be a dull discussion of the medical condition while highlighting the evidence-backed use of music interventions.

Dr Wong, an opera singer and vocal pedagogue, initiated the project in 2020 to give a voice to those who are suffering silently, drawing from her personal experience of having served as caregiver to her parents and grandmother through illness.

“Each of the three characters in the opera, to a certain extent, is a reflection of my own life as a singer and teacher, daughter, and caregiver,” she shared. “I find it particularly healing that each character has moments of soliloquy where their innermost thoughts are expressed and heard by the audience.”

The collaborative project was an extensive process involving composing and scriptwriting, consulting researchers and examining existing portrayals of dementia, and engaging with YST staff and student musicians to bring the opera to life. The documentary A Day A Lily was first publicly screened in 2022 at the National Museum of Singapore, and the opera Losing Lily took another two years to create and stage, with the premiere taking place at the NUS University Cultural Centre.

At the premiere, the audience first watched the documentary, which interlaces an early version of the narrative with interviews of people living with dementia, their family members, and medical professionals. Then, the opera was performed live, illustrating what it is like to live with dementia through the characters of an opera singer, her son, and her caregiver.

Said Associate Professor Chen Zhangyi, who composed the opera with playwright Jean Tay: “Everything comes together in this work as a multidisciplinary art form, a perfect example of the interdisciplinary connections that we are trying to achieve in NUS.”

The healing power of music

The scene of Lily and her son connecting through a song is an example of how music can facilitate memory recall or reminiscences, which can improve patients’ moods and reconnect them with their loved ones.

Said Assistant Professor Kat Agres, founder and director of the Centre for Music and Health (CMH): “It is widely recognised that music has this amazing power to help unlock memories in dementia patients. It's not pure magic and it doesn't work in every case, but it can be very effective and be a wonderful way to help connect the patient with their past.”

At CMH, multiple studies are ongoing to explore the possibilities of using music as a non-invasive, non-pharmacological, and accessible treatment method for a variety of health issues in three main areas of mental health, youth and student well-being, and healthy ageing and community wellness.

One programme, Movin’ and Groovin’ for Wellness, is studying the impact of group activities – specifically dancing, drumming, and improvisation – on supporting mental health, facilitating social connections, and fostering creative expression. A 10-week randomised controlled trial with NUS students found positive results in all three aspects, supporting the use of such activities to promote youth and student well-being.

Other ongoing projects under the pillar for healthy ageing and community wellness include Sing Out Loud, a collaboration with the Esplanade to explore the effectiveness of regular group singing on decreasing behavioural agitation and improving quality of life for patients with dementia.

Even as research uncovers new insights into the power of music as a health intervention, artworks like LILY are equally important in disseminating knowledge about important health topics, Dr Agres said.

“It's one thing to say, ‘As dementia progresses in the patient, there will be an increase in behavioural symptoms and agitation.’ It's another thing to see it unfolding in front of your eyes – to witness how complex it is, and how difficult it may feel for the family and the patient.”

While there are no immediate plans for more presentations of LILY, the team has already received expressions of interest to collaborate on staging the opera for more audiences in Singapore and overseas, and they are open to discussing ways to extend the project’s impact.

Dr Wong hopes that the opera will become a platform to foster greater understanding and support for people living with dementia – for example, smaller-scale stagings or community performance workshops could encourage people to put themselves in the characters’ shoes and experience the patience and communication skills needed when interacting with people who have dementia. She also hopes to add a chorus to the opera representing the roles of bystanders in society, to show how the public can move from empathising with patients and their loved ones to actively contributing to an inclusive ecosystem.

“This opera shows you what’s ahead, how you could end up, and how you would expect people to treat you when you are in the shoes of any of the characters,” she said. “It is a call for not only empathy, but also greater understanding and engagement from the community.”

• CNA, 24 October 2024
• Channel 5 News, 24 October 2024
• 8world Online, 24 October 2024
• Suria News Online, 24 October 2024
• CNA938, 24 October 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 25 October 2024, Singapore, p11

• CNA, 24 October 2024
• Suria News Online, 24 October 2024
• The New Paper, 24 October 2024
• The Straits Times, 25 October 2024, Life, pC6
• Lianhe Zaobao, 25 October 2024, Singapore, p12
• Berita Harian, 25 October 2024, p2

By Adj Prof Chong Siow Ann, from the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS

• The Straits Times, 31 October 2024, Opinion, pB3

By Mr Sriram Iyer, Adjunct Senior Lecturer from the Dept of Management and Organisation at NUS Business School

• CNA Online, 25 October 2024

• Lianhe Zaobao, 24 October 2024, Singapore, p12

By Assoc Prof Tu Yong from the Dept of Real Estate at NUS Business School

• The Business Times, 24 October 2024, p16

By Dr Serina Rahman, Lecturer from the Dept of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at NUS 

• CNA Online, 24 October 2024

• CNA Online, 25 October 2024
• Suria News Online, 25 October 2024

A recent survey found that nearly 40 per cent of respondents in Singapore have pre-diabetes, a condition that increases the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Pre-diabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are elevated, but not high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes, serving as a crucial early warning[1].

Without lifestyle changes, at least 35 per cent of persons with pre-diabetes in Singapore will progress to T2D over eight years. In the survey, respondents with pre-diabetes were significantly older, more likely to be male, and had higher body mass index (BMI) than those without diabetes.

These were the findings from a partnership study between the NUS Lloyd’s Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk (IPUR) and Diabetes Singapore which were published in the “Diabetes Perception” report that was launched today.

The survey was carried out at different health screening events between June and October 2024 which saw almost 1,000 participants responding to the survey. It sought to, among other objectives, understand public perceptions and assess awareness levels of diabetes in Singapore, as well as to engage healthcare providers, policymakers, individuals with diabetes and the wider community in dialogue on improving diabetes care and management.

Many individuals unaware of their diabetes status

When asked if they had diabetes, almost half of the respondents who believed they had no diabetes were found to have either pre-diabetes (41.6 per cent) or diabetes (5.9 per cent). Among those unsure about their diabetes status, more than half had abnormal blood sugar levels; nearly 40 per cent had pre-diabetes, and over 10 per cent had diabetes.

More concerningly, fewer than half of those who actually had diabetes (64 out of 137 of surveyed participants) were aware of their condition. Among those with pre-diabetes, nearly 70 per cent believed they did not have diabetes. These findings reflect a worrying gap between people’s perceptions and their actual health condition.

Professor Leonard Lee, Director of IPUR, said, “The findings of the study highlight existing gaps in awareness and knowledge, and underscore the importance of going for regular health screenings. We see that many people are unaware of their blood glucose levels and therefore do not take any action or make lifestyle changes to manage their health. This is especially important for people with pre-diabetes who are more at risk of getting diabetes.”

Mr Satyaprakash Tiwari, Director of Diabetes Singapore, commented, “The partnership between Diabetes Singapore and IPUR has given us valuable information on the greatest needs of local communities regarding diabetes mitigation. The study has demonstrated that prevention should come before reaction – people need to go for regular screenings in order to better care for their health and reduce their vulnerability to diabetes.”

To further this partnership, IPUR and Diabetes SG plan to collaborate on developing and testing interventions and risk communication strategies aimed at improving diabetes management in Singapore. This new initiative will build on prior research led by IPUR which suggests that cultivating a growth mindset may foster greater motivation for better care and treatment of this chronic disease.

The full Diabetes Perception report can be found here.

[1] Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, used in the survey, measures a person’s average blood sugar over the past two to three months. Results between 5.7 per cent and 6.4 per cent indicate pre-diabetes, while a level below 5.7 per cent is normal, and 6.5 per cent or higher classifies a person as having diabetes.​

NUS was the winner in Line of Business Transformation category at the SAP Customer Excellence Awards for Southeast Asia 2024 held in July 2024. The Awards acknowledged and showcased a total of 31 organisations in seven award categories – for their forward-thinking approaches and disruptive use of technology, that have set new industry standards and enhanced operational efficiency globally.

The NUS Central Procurement Office (CPO) team embarked on a transformation process to enhance the University’s procurement capabilities by leveraging SAP Ariba to complement its existing use of SAP S/4 HANA. This has streamlined the procurement process, leading to shorter cycle times, improved search experience of procurement catalogues and a simplified supplier onboarding experience.

"Transformation is the key to staying ahead in a constantly evolving landscape. Whether through digital innovation or broader business shifts, it drives agility, enhances efficiency and opens the door to new growth opportunities. Embracing change is how we build a more resilient and future-ready organisation," said Mr Pang Chong Ning, Chief Procurement Officer at NUS.

As she stood on stage to explain how fishing lines were impacting the corals in Singapore, Denise Ann McIntyre, then a Year 2 Life Sciences undergraduate, tried not to let her nervousness show. Seated in front of her were delegates at the 6th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity, who included aspiring student researchers, prominent scientists, policymakers, conservationists and industry representatives.

“It was nerve-wracking,” Denise, now a Year 4 undergraduate, recounts her experience at the conference held in Penang in July 2023. But she powered through and won the Best Presenter Award, a category open to undergraduate, Master's, and PhD students.

Her conference paper discussed results from her research project focusing on how fishing lines—a form of plastic waste— affected corals and the organisms that depend on them. As a diver involved in conservation work before she enrolled in NUS, the 33-year-old was very keen to understand the impact of plastic on corals and coral-reef organisms.

“When I started the project, there were only three or four papers – and these were on one specific type of coral, (rather than) reef organisms broadly,” recalled Denise.  

Under the supervision of Dr Zeehan Jaafar, Senior Lecturer and Assistant Head of Department at the Department of Biological Sciences at NUS, Denise conducted surveys from July 2022 to May 2023. She recorded how 197 fishing lines over 10 survey sites affected 11 coral genera, a category of classification in biology, and came up with an impact scale – ranging from “least impactful”, such as when lines landed on the corals, to “most impactful”, indicating that the organisms died.

Her presentation garnered much interest from fellow conference attendees.

“I met people who were open to collaborating to continue the research in Malaysia, Indonesia, or Thailand,” Denise added.

A boost to research learning

Her experience was made possible by a grant from NUS’ Research Experience (REx) programme. Launched in 2023 to hone students’ research skills, REx is a course upgrade for students in the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Programme (UROP).

During the year-long REx programme, students assist a professor in their research as part of the UROP, and receive a grant – S$2,500 for individual projects, and S$5,000 for group ones.

The grant defrays research costs. Besides funding her conference trip, it allowed Denise to purchase better lighting equipment for underwater photography, which can be a struggle in Singapore waters notorious for their poor visibility.

More than 70 students have benefitted from the programme thus far, participating in research projects ranging from preventive healthcare and sustainability, to how bilingual people process sentences. Nearly S$200,000 in grants have been disbursed to the student researchers, according to the programme’s Year in Review 2024 report published in August.

Students on the programme, known as REx fellows, also attend five interfaculty workshops: two core modules on Ethics in Research and Research Methodologies, and three from a list that includes topics such as data storytelling, research tools using artificial intelligence, and career prospects in research. There are also optional REx-STEER (Study Trips for Engagement and EnRichment) excursions to other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, where the first trip was held in July 2023.

The programme concludes with a research showcase, where students present their findings via media such as documentaries, research papers, and posters.  

“Research is more than working in a lab or conducting interviews to collect data,” said Associate Professor Daniel Goh, NUS’ Associate Provost for Undergraduate Education. “We want undergraduates to not only assist professors in research projects, but also experience the complete research journey from conceptualisation and proposal to presenting and publishing their findings. Through REx, we hope to bring experiential learning to revitalise the Undergraduate Research Opportunity Programme.”

Wayne Sing, a Communications and New Media and NUS College undergraduate, had the rare opportunity to learn from researchers with a common purpose of exploring how technology can advance health communication at the 2024 International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) conference held in New Zealand.

Going beyond the classroom

Another REx fellow is Year 4 student Wayne Sing, 25. The Communications and New Media and NUS College undergraduate used the grant to attend the 2024 International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) conference in Christchurch, New Zealand, where he spoke at a panel and presented his research.

Under the supervision of Assistant Professor Dr Renwen Zhang from the Department of Communications and New Media at NUS, Wayne worked on an interdisciplinary project about how artificial intelligence (AI) can support social workers in their administrative and frontline work. The project is a collaboration with Assistant Professor Dr Yi-Chieh Lee from the School of Computing.

Wayne conducted focus group sessions and participatory design workshops with social workers and directors from two social service agencies in Singapore to understand their attitudes toward Generative AI in their work practices, alongside Yugin Tan, a graduate student from Computing who developed an AI chatbot for social workers.

He found that for AI to be effective, the bots would have to be an extension of the social workers – but ultimately should not replace them. “What struck me was that they were quite open to the idea of AI as a tool to enhance their work,” he said. The counsellors, he noted, had cited AI’s potential to speed up administrative tasks and gather insights from case notes, freeing up time for them to engage with their clients and focus on the emotional aspects of the job.

Being involved in the project underscored for him the iterative process of research – which evolves with knowledge gained from further inquiry – and the value of collaborating across disciplines to develop solutions to real-world issues. Through the REx workshops, he learnt about the career journey of an academic and how to optimise searches while conducting online research. 

Attending the conference and observing the community of researchers who both present and learn from each other was another eye-opening experience. “What they all wanted to do was collectively explore how technology can advance health communication…Learning more about this shared purpose that they have was quite inspiring,” he recalled. 

“(The conference) was a unique opportunity I would never have had without the project. I am grateful that at an undergraduate level, we can directly contribute to research,” Wayne added.

Having gained a taste of research life, Wayne is now considering pursuing graduate studies on AI in health communications. Meanwhile, Denise, who honed her data-handling and science-communication skills under the programme, plans to head to a coastal village in Bali to take part in conservation efforts.

Their perception of the value of research learning is a sentiment shared by many of their peers. More than 60 per cent see research as relevant to their career, according to a May 2024 survey of 927 students from the Faculty of Science, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the College of Design and Engineering, School of Computing, and NUS College.

The survey, which was conducted by the Office of the Provost and the Centre for Future-ready Graduates, also found that more than 60 per cent of students felt that research learning would help them decide which industry or job to pursue after graduation.

“Participating in research as a student provides real-world experience in the field, guided by an engaged and knowledgeable supervisor,” said Denise. “It also makes a strong addition to your resume, especially if you're considering research as a future career path.”

• The Straits Time, 18 October 2024, The Big Story, pA6
• Lianhe Zaobao, 18 October 2024, Focus, p2

By Dr Lance Gore Liangping, Senior Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 18 October 2024, Opinion, p13

By Fu Chao, an undergraduate from the Dept of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Design and Engineering at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 18 October 2024, Opinion, p14

• The Sunday Times, 27 October 2024, Invest, pB5

• Lianhe Zaobao, 26 October 2024, Singapore, p6
• Berita Minggu, 27 October 2024, p2
• Tamil Murasu, 27 October 2024, p2
• The Sunday Times, 27 October 2024, Singapore, pA16

By Assoc Prof Eduardo Araral, from the Institute of Policy Studies at NUS Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy

• Lianhe Zaobao, 28 October 2024, Opinion, p17

• CNA Online, 28 October 2024
• 8world Online, 28 October 2024

• The Straits Times, 28 October 2024, Singapore, pA13 & pA14

By Dr Issac Lim, Adjunct Lecturer, from the Dept of Management & Organisation at NUS Business School

• The Straits Times, 28 October 2024, Opinion, pB4

Singapore is prepared to facilitate Asia’s transition to a low-carbon future. But Singapore cannot do this alone, it will work with like-minded partners. This was a point underscored by Mr Ravi Menon (Arts and Social Sciences ‘87), Singapore’s first Ambassador for Climate Action and member of NUS Board of Trustees, at the inaugural NUS Environmental Management Leadership Lecture (EMLL), on 14 September 2024.

Highlighting the urgency of preparing for a climate-impaired world, Mr Menon noted that climate-related disasters in 2022 affected over 52 million people and led to US$36 billion worth of damages.

At the same time, decarbonisation efforts are also on the rise in many countries.  

“Global momentum on climate action is picking up because people are beginning to see what is happening,” he added, emphasising that the world will continue to face the dual realities of being climate-impaired while striving for low carbon emissions.

Mr Menon addressed over 150 NUS students, alumni, staff and industry partners at the lecture titled “Preparing for a Low-Carbon and Climate-Impaired World” which kickstarted the Highlight edition of this year’s NUS Sustainability CONNECT. He is also Chairman of the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) Asia-Pacific Advisory Board and a member of the GFANZ Principals Group.

Organised by the NUS School of Continuing and Lifelong Education under the Master of Science (Environmental Management) programme, the annual EMLL series aims to facilitate interdisciplinary discussion about key issues and new developments in environmental management. Themed “Transformative Leadership in Climate Action: Navigating Challenges, Harnessing Innovation”, the series explores the role of transformative leadership as the driving force behind successful environmental management efforts, providing insights on how visionary and innovative leaders overcome obstacles and leverage new technologies to create a sustainable future.

Singapore’s triple transition to thrive in a low-carbon world

Singapore aims to achieve its long-term net-zero emissions aspiration by 2050, with intermediate targets across sectors as outlined in the Singapore Green Plan 2030. Referring to the changes as “complex and not easy, but necessary”, Mr Menon highlighted that the first change is a carbon transition which involves reducing our primary emissions to net-zero across sectors including industry, transport, and households.

Next is the energy transition which entails progressively decarbonising Singapore’s electricity grid while ensuring that it remains resilient. This requires striking a balance across energy security, affordability and sustainability. While Singapore’s unique geographical constraints make it difficult to harness certain forms of renewable energy, the nation can tap on the “four switches” to progressively decarbonise the grid – namely natural gas, solar, electricity imports from regional power grids, and low-carbon alternatives.

Mr Menon also noted that nuclear energy is another energy source the government has been looking at. However, he cautioned that there must first be public acceptance and adequate safety measures.

Lastly, an economic transition will also be necessary. He urged participants to “grow the green and green the brown”, referring to how Singapore must grasp green growth opportunities, transform carbon-intensive sectors, and turn being low-carbon into a competitive advantage.

To prepare for a climate-impaired world, Singapore must not only strive to reduce our emissions but also adapt to the direct impacts of climate change and its potential knock-on effects. Singapore has started implementing various measures to strengthen coastal protection, flood resilience, heat resilience, and food security. The government is also conducting in-depth studies to plan ahead and develop solutions in these areas.

“It will take a whole-of-nation effort,” he said. Significant scientific and technological advances will be necessary – which is where universities and academics can contribute – but individuals and communities must do their part too, he added.

Leading the way in transiting to a low-carbon future

Climate action must go beyond our borders, noted Mr Menon, with a nod to the ASEAN Power Grid initiative that is currently underway.

Having a system of cross-border power connections will allow renewable energy from typically remote generation sites to reach population centres across the region. This will spur decarbonisation in the region and enable the free trade of clean energy.

The city state can also drive green efforts in the region through blended finance, where governments invest in climate projects to reduce risk and make it easier for private entities to invest. Under the Financing Asia’s Transition Partnerships initiative, Singapore aims to raise US$5 billion with international partners to finance the effort to decarbonise the region.

The lecture was capped by an engaging Question-and-Answer segment that was facilitated by Professor Benjamin Cashore, Li Ka Shing Professor in Public Management and Director at the Institute for Environment and Sustainability.

During the segment, Mr Menon fielded questions about green finance and the need for a just transition in Asia, where countries should not have to forgo development for the sake of decarbonisation.

Noting that climate change is a “classic problem of collective failure”, he emphasised the need for collaboration to resolve the issue.

“There isn’t going to be one global leader that will solve the climate problem. We should look at where we can seize leadership at various levels,” he said. One way to exercise leadership in science and technology is by pivoting resources and capabilities towards developing climate solutions. In finance, financial institutions can exercise leadership through working with clients and customers to channel finances to activities that reduce emissions.

While strong government support is needed, it is only possible if it is supported by the rest of society. Community efforts and collective individual actions can signal demand for greener products and support for decarbonisation. “No one acting alone can solve the problem…we need collective action,” he concluded.

“As you step into the world, may you step out to lead with purpose, with integrity, with compassion, not just for your career but for the greater good.”

This was the clarion call sounded by Ms Denise Phua, Member of Parliament for Jalan Besar GRC and Mayor for Central Singapore District, to a 100-strong audience at a recent talk where she shared insights on career transitions and effective leadership.

Titled “Lessons from a Leadership Journey into the Private, Public and People Sector”, the session at the Shaw Foundation Alumni House kicked off the new FASS Distinguished Speaker Series that was launched by the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS) in celebration of the Faculty’s 95th anniversary. The series aims to inspire FASS students to excellence by showcasing alumni and their achievements.

The inaugural session, moderated by Professor Lionel Wee, Dean of FASS, was also attended by FASS staff and faculty.

Developing a leadership toolkit and other leadership goals

Ms Phua, who worked in the corporate, people (or social) and public sectors noted some differences in work culture and performance measurements in each of these sectors.

Performance in the private sector is typically measured in financial terms and is quantified with metrics such as market share, revenue growth, and shareholder values. The social sector values qualitative outcomes, with the focus shifting to doing good, creating societal impact, and accountability to beneficiaries, while the public sector operates within the frame of public service, governance, and accountability to the broader society.

Whichever sector one is in, it is essential to build a leadership toolkit comprising the four skills — personal mastery, interpersonal leadership, supervisory leadership and organisational leadership — in order to chart a meaningful and successful career path.

Ms Phua also emphasised the importance of having diverse experiences to remain relevant, and venturing outside one’s comfort zone in a dynamic environment to keep this toolkit updated. Citing Pope Francis, who told Singaporean youths in a recent dialogue that a young person who stays in his own comfort becomes “fat”, she urged young people to continually add skills to their toolkit and to go out there to take risks.

In her experience, having a purpose is also key as it helps to keep one’s eye on the bigger picture and the important goals to work towards. She explained, “Having a clear purpose guides our decisions and keeps us focused on what truly matters. For me personally, my faith helps to anchor me.”

Be fearless in the unknown

Another topic Ms Phua delved into was fear, something she learnt to overcome whenever she was thrust into unfamiliar situations and environments – whether it was having to work overseas with people of different backgrounds and cultures in China and the US, or having to establish new work processes or systems from scratch.

Sharing about her stint as a waitress in Palo Alto, driving alone in her twenties in the wilderness between small American towns for work, and working with people of vastly different cultures, accents and habits from her own, Ms Phua revealed that these intimidating early experiences eventually helped her overcome her fear of trying new things.

Raising a son with autism further bolstered her courage to pioneer new initiatives and projects, particularly in the area of advocacy and support for those with special needs. Stemming from a desire to create a more inclusive society where everyone can thrive, Ms Phua has made trailblazing contributions to the special needs advocacy space, which include the co-founding of Pathlight School – Singapore’s first school that offers mainstream education for autistic children, The Purple Parade – a national platform that celebrates the abilities of persons with special needs, and The Purple Symphony, Singapore’s largest inclusive orchestra set up by her and her team at the Central Singapore District Community Development Council (CDC).

She shared, “[Having the technical skills and soft skills] were really important for me in the private, people and public sector, but what was more significant was scaling the challenges I faced and overcoming the fears I had.”

As a leader, Ms Phua stressed that it is also essential to find a “tribe” and surround oneself with like-minded people who share the same values, passions or vision, and who are able to challenge one another, as the success of any project is never dependent on a single individual. This is how she managed to ideate and execute the many initiatives across the three sectors she has been involved in.

Beyond building careers to serving society

Ms Phua’s candid and personal sharing was followed by questions from students about how to choose career pathways, to make meaningful change in the community and tackle evolving social challenges in society.

Responding to a question on how she found her calling in the special needs advocacy space, Ms Phua shared that she did not identify it through any conventional career or personality quizzes. For her, she felt called to the special needs space in a rather dramatic fashion, after “God gave [her] a child who didn’t speak nor socialise at three, like other typical children.”

Referencing some of the other community initiatives and assistance schemes launched during her time as Mayor of the Central Singapore District, such as the ‘Weekly Nurture’ problem-solving and communications classes and the ‘Ready for School’ financial assistance scheme for children from low-income families, another student asked what Ms Phua considered key ingredients for success in these community projects.

Her response was simple – find the gaps, think of ways to make a difference, and then start tapping on one’s network of resources to implement solutions.

“When looking at physical wellness for seniors for example, I will ask what physical wellness means to them. Together with my team, we then brainstorm, come up with programmes, such as our CDC’s ‘Silver Homes’ and then look for resources to fund them,” she added.

When asked more broadly how Singapore can address societal issues such as an ageing population and growing income disparity, Ms Phua observed that Singapore has become more complex in many ways since 2006 when she first entered politics, making tackling such issues more challenging. However, she encouraged students to look beyond their “pet passions” and serve in areas in society that have the most need, and to stay mission-focused to continue effecting real change.

She cited the ‘power of one’. “If each of us is determined to bless other people with what we have…whether it’s our talent, our gift, our networks, then organisations, nations and societies will all be for the better,” said Ms Phua.

The National University of Singapore (NUS) will be taking a significant leap forward in synthetic biology, leveraging its deep expertise and cutting-edge innovations to usher a new paradigm for green manufacturing, driven by this rapidly evolving field. Over the next six years, the University plans to dedicate substantial resources and efforts – estimated to value around S$120 million - to firmly establish synthetic biology as a foundational pillar of NUS’ innovation ecosystem, driving transformative benefits for Singapore across multiple sectors.

Traditionally, manufacturing is heavily dependent on petrochemicals, a major contributor to the climate crisis. However, synthetic biology (SynBio), enabling the design and engineering of biological ‘factories’ to create more efficient, sustainable processes and products, is emerging as a game-changer in driving the chemical industry towards a greener future. This groundbreaking approach has the potential to significantly reduce environmental impact, paving the way for greater sustainability across diverse sectors, including food, textiles, flavours, and fuels. This shift promises widespread positive effects, reshaping industries and advancing the global effort to combat climate change.

“NUS is charging ahead, pioneering efforts to strengthen and expand the University’s synthetic biology ecosystem, positioning Singapore at the forefront of tackling global challenges such as food security, energy resilience, and sustainable development. We are deeply committed to surpassing previous accomplishments and achieving new heights of excellence in synthetic biology,” said Professor Liu Bin, NUS Deputy President (Research and Technology).

She added, “A vibrant synthetic biology ecosystem in NUS and Singapore will foster new industry partnerships, cultivate a highly skilled workforce and inspire a wave of innovative startups. Together, these developments are poised to boost Singapore’s economic growth.”

A key driver of innovation in the University’s SynBio ecosystem is the NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), which was established as early as 2014 when the field was still in its early stages.

Associate Professor Matthew Chang, Director of SynCTI, said, “Now is the time for synthetic biology to achieve a lasting, transformative impact. Over the past decade, NUS has developed robust capabilities and strategic networks, positioning both NUS and Singapore to seize emerging opportunities in this rapidly advancing field. We are eager to collaborate closely with our academic, research, and industry partners to foster ongoing growth, innovation, and the application of synthetic biology, both locally in Singapore and globally.”

Embarking on new SynBio initiatives

NUS has launched several bold endeavours to realise the vision of a SynBio-driven future:

1.     NUS is spearheading the establishment of Singapore’s new national SynBio initiative to advance Singapore’s biomanufacturing sector. This initiative will foster a whole-of-nation effort to galvanise the potential of SynBio in advancing green manufacturing practices. Participating academic institutes include the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Institute of Technology, Temasek Polytechnic and Nanyang Polytechnic. The research institutes involved are the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, the National Supercomputing Centre Singapore and AI Singapore. Please refer to Annexe 1 for more information on this initiative. 

2.     To further augment its research efforts, NUS will collaborate extensively with global leaders in SynBio, with the aim of creating a powerful multiplier effect. Some exciting research collaborations include:

a) Partnering with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) to develop reliable and cost-effective methods for producing safe, nutritious, and delicious foods through SynBio-based precision fermentation;

b) Working with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) to develop efficient cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) cell factories and other microorganisms to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) directly into biomaterials and biofuels; and

c) Teaming up with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) to demonstrate the feasibility of converting green hydrogen and concentrated CO₂ into sustainable biofuels.

These joint projects, supported by the Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) under the National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF), aim to build strategic capabilities in SynBio. Please refer to Annexe 2 for more information on these collaborative programmes.

A decade in the making for the SynBio revolution in Singapore

The creation of NUS’ dynamic SynBio ecosystem started a decade ago with foresight and vision.

SynCTI, which was established in 2014, has played a key role in creating new knowledge and develop foundational technologies in synthetic biology and grooming the next generation of highly skilled researchers equipped with fundamental science and translational research capabilities. SynCTI will commemorate its 10th anniversary with a celebratory event in November 2024.

The formation of SynCTI catalysed the setting up of the Singapore Consortium for Synthetic Biology (SINERGY) to consolidate Singapore’s capabilities in synthetic biology and harness synergies across industry sectors to create a vibrant and globally connected bio-based economy in Singapore. SINERGY is supported by the National Research Foundation and is currently hosted under Consortium Management Office, A*STAR. Today, SINERGY has nine academic partners and 27 industry partners, working hand in hand to unlock Singapore’s bio-potential.

Another key component of NUS’ SynBio ecosystem is the WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, a research partnership between NUS and Wilmar International Limited to demonstrate the translation of academic SynBio research through collaboration with the industry.

Set up in June 2018 and hosted at the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, the WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory leverages the expertise of Wilmar and NUS to develop sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective bio-based methods for the production of industrial chemicals. This successful academic-industry partnership has led to the development of enzymes and microbes for the biomanufacturing of oleochemicals.

With a strong foundation in place, NUS is strategically positioned to lead in the field of synthetic biology.

The National University of Singapore (NUS) will be taking a significant leap forward in synthetic biology, leveraging its deep expertise and cutting-edge innovations to usher a new paradigm for green manufacturing, driven by this rapidly evolving field. Over the next six years, the University plans to dedicate substantial resources and efforts – estimated to value around S$120 million - to firmly establish synthetic biology as a foundational pillar of NUS’ innovation ecosystem, driving transformative benefits for Singapore across multiple sectors.

Traditionally, manufacturing is heavily dependent on petrochemicals, a major contributor to the climate crisis. However, synthetic biology (SynBio), enabling the design and engineering of biological ‘factories’ to create more efficient, sustainable processes and products, is emerging as a game-changer in driving the chemical industry towards a greener future. This groundbreaking approach has the potential to significantly reduce environmental impact, paving the way for greater sustainability across diverse sectors, including food, textiles, flavours, and fuels. This shift promises widespread positive effects, reshaping industries and advancing the global effort to combat climate change.

“NUS is charging ahead, pioneering efforts to strengthen and expand the University’s synthetic biology ecosystem, positioning Singapore at the forefront of tackling global challenges such as food security, energy resilience, and sustainable development. We are deeply committed to surpassing previous accomplishments and achieving new heights of excellence in synthetic biology,” said Professor Liu Bin, NUS Deputy President (Research and Technology).

She added, “A vibrant synthetic biology ecosystem in NUS and Singapore will foster new industry partnerships, cultivate a highly skilled workforce and inspire a wave of innovative startups. Together, these developments are poised to boost Singapore’s economic growth.”

A key driver of innovation in the University’s SynBio ecosystem is the NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), which was established as early as 2014 when the field was still in its early stages.

Associate Professor Matthew Chang, Director of SynCTI, said, “Now is the time for synthetic biology to achieve a lasting, transformative impact. Over the past decade, NUS has developed robust capabilities and strategic networks, positioning both NUS and Singapore to seize emerging opportunities in this rapidly advancing field. We are eager to collaborate closely with our academic, research, and industry partners to foster ongoing growth, innovation, and the application of synthetic biology, both locally in Singapore and globally.”

Embarking on new SynBio initiatives

NUS has launched several bold endeavours to realise the vision of a SynBio-driven future:

1.     NUS is spearheading the establishment of Singapore’s new national SynBio initiative to advance Singapore’s biomanufacturing sector. This initiative will foster a whole-of-nation effort to galvanise the potential of SynBio in advancing green manufacturing practices. Please refer to Annexe 1 for more information on this initiative.

2.     To further augment its research efforts, NUS will collaborate extensively with global leaders in SynBio, with the aim of creating a powerful multiplier effect. Some exciting research collaborations include:

a) Partnering with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) to develop reliable and cost-effective methods for producing safe, nutritious, and delicious foods through SynBio-based precision fermentation;

b) Working with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) to develop efficient cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) cell factories and other microorganisms to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) directly into biomaterials and biofuels; and

c) Teaming up with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) to demonstrate the feasibility of converting green hydrogen and concentrated CO₂ into sustainable biofuels.

These joint projects, supported by the Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) under the National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF), aim to build strategic capabilities in SynBio. Please refer to Annexe 2 for more information on these collaborative programmes.

A decade in the making for the SynBio revolution in Singapore

The creation of NUS’ dynamic SynBio ecosystem started a decade ago with foresight and vision.

SynCTI, which was established in 2014, has played a key role in creating new knowledge and develop foundational technologies in synthetic biology and grooming the next generation of highly skilled researchers equipped with fundamental science and translational research capabilities. SynCTI will commemorate its 10th anniversary with a celebratory event in November 2024.

The formation of SynCTI catalysed the setting up of the Singapore Consortium for Synthetic Biology (SINERGY) to consolidate Singapore’s capabilities in synthetic biology and harness synergies across industry sectors to create a vibrant and globally connected bio-based economy in Singapore. SINERGY is supported by the National Research Foundation and is currently hosted under Consortium Management Office, A*STAR. Today, SINERGY has nine academic partners and 27 industry partners, working hand in hand to unlock Singapore’s bio-potential.

Another key component of NUS’ SynBio ecosystem is the WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, a research partnership between NUS and Wilmar International Limited to demonstrate the translation of academic SynBio research through collaboration with the industry.

Set up in June 2018 and hosted at the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, the WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory leverages the expertise of Wilmar and NUS to develop sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective bio-based methods for the production of industrial chemicals. This successful academic-industry partnership has led to the development of enzymes and microbes for the biomanufacturing of oleochemicals.

With a strong foundation in place, NUS is strategically positioned to lead in the field of synthetic biology.

Applied Materials South East Asia Pte. Ltd. and the National University of Singapore (NUS) are furthering their collaboration to bring advanced semiconductor research capabilities and talent development opportunities to Singapore. Supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) under the Research, Innovation and Enterprise 2025 (RIE2025) plan, the Applied Materials-NUS Advanced Materials Corporate Lab – established in 2018 and located on the NUS Kent Ridge campus – will be expanded with state-of-the-art semiconductor process equipment in a larger, more advanced cleanroom. In addition, Applied Materials and NUS are collaborating on programmes designed to strengthen Singapore’s talent pipeline.

Mr Heng Swee Keat, Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of NRF, was the Guest-of-Honour at a ceremony held today at NUS marking the new phase of the Corporate Lab. Guests from the industry, local research ecosystem and government agencies attended the event.

“When NUS and Applied Materials first established the Corporate Lab six years ago, we laid the foundation for a collaboration that has since yielded remarkable success,” said NUS President Professor Tan Eng Chye. “Several of the innovations developed here have progressed from the research stage to the scale-up phase, paving the way for real-world applications that can benefit society. We are very excited to embark on a new chapter in our collaboration with Applied Materials to further advance semiconductor science and technology and inspire the next generation of innovators who will push the envelope and break new ground in this significant field.”

“The Advanced Materials Corporate Lab at NUS is a prime example of how industry-academia collaboration can accelerate the discovery and transition of innovations into commercial applications,” said Dr Satheesh Kuppurao, Group Vice President of Business Development and Growth, Semiconductor Products Group at Applied Materials, Inc. “Our joint work has resulted in numerous patents related to chemistry, semiconductor process and hardware design solutions, along with several sponsored scholarships. Applied Materials is excited to build on our success with NUS and bring enhanced semiconductor research and talent development opportunities to Singapore.”

Hosted at the College of Design and Engineering and the Faculty of Science at NUS, the Applied Materials-NUS Advanced Materials Corporate Lab offers world-class, multi-disciplinary R&D capabilities that span applied chemistry, materials science and microelectronics process engineering. The goal of the Corporate Lab is to accelerate discovery of new materials that can be quickly transferred into commercial applications for manufacturing future generations of semiconductors.

The second phase of the Corporate Lab will elevate the well-established microelectronics research capabilities at NUS to new heights by fostering innovation, accelerating the development of cutting-edge technologies and expanding interdisciplinary collaboration. It will include a new cleanroom in NUS with state-of-the-art materials synthesis and characterisation capabilities. Utilising these enhanced capabilities, Applied Materials and NUS will focus on developing industry-scale solutions to complex semiconductor manufacturing challenges, with an emphasis on integrated processes and interface engineering.

Along with the new phase of the Corporate Lab, the Applied Materials Professorship has been established at NUS to attract experts in semiconductors, materials science and other technology fields. In addition, the enhanced capabilities at the Corporate Lab will introduce new educational and talent development opportunities for undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals in the areas of microelectronics, advanced materials and process engineering. This will ensure the University’s sustained academic leadership within these critical fields and contribute to Singapore’s overall economic growth and development.

For Applied Materials, the latest phase of its collaboration with NUS is part of the company’s “Singapore 2030” plan to strengthen its manufacturing capacity, R&D capabilities, technology ecosystem partnerships and workforce development in Singapore.

Educator and food historian Mr Khir Johari, whose work, The Food of Singapore Malays: Gastronomic Travels through the Archipelago (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2021) profoundly reshapes our understanding of the gastronomy and cultural history of Singapore Malays, has been awarded the 2024 NUS Singapore History Prize. Mr Khir Johari will receive a cash award of S$50,000.

Created in 2014 in support of the national SG50 programme to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Singapore’s independence, the NUS Singapore History Prize is awarded to an outstanding publication that has made a lasting impact on our understanding of the history of Singapore, and that is accessible to a wide audience of specialist and non-specialist readers.

A five-member Jury Panel chaired by Mr Kishore Mahbubani, Distinguished Fellow at the NUS Asia Research Institute, selected the winning work from a short list of six works, itself culled from a total of 26 submitted works authored by local and international scholars. The other Jury Panel members are: Emeritus Professor John N. Miksic of the NUS Department of Southeast Asian Studies; Professor Tan Tai Yong, President of the Singapore University of Social Sciences; Professor Peter A. Coclanis, Director, Global Research Institute, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; and economist Dr Lam San Ling.

The five books that were shortlisted alongside the winning publication are:

• Wesley Leon Aroozoo, The Punkhawala and the Prostitute (Singapore: Epigram Books, 2021).
• Timothy P. Barnard, ed., Singaporean Creatures: Histories of Humans and Other Animals in the Garden City (Singapore: NUS Press, 2024).
• Kevin Blackburn, The Comfort Women of Singapore in History and Memory (Singapore: NUS Press, 2022).
• Loh Kah Seng, Alex Tan Tiong Hee, Koh Keng We, Tan Teng Phee, and Juria Toramae, Theatres of Memory: Industrial Heritage of 20th Century Singapore (Singapore: Pagesetters Services, 2021).
• Lynn Wong Yuqing and Lee Kok Leong, Reviving Qixi: Singapore’s Forgotten Seven Sisters Festival (Singapore: Renforest Publishing, 2022).

Of the five books, the Jury Panel also highlighted two that deserve special commendation and recognition. They are, ranked in order of priority, Reviving Qixi: Singapore’s Forgotten Seven Sisters Festival by Lynn Wong Yuqing and Lee Kok Leong; and Theatres of Memory: Industrial Heritage of 20th Century Singapore by Loh Kah Seng, Alex Tan Tiong Hee, Koh Keng We, Tan Teng Phee, and Juria Toramae. The Jury Panel found the two books compelling and riveting: one offers new insights into a forgotten festival celebrated by the Chinese community in Singapore while the other delves into the understudied labour and industrial history of Singapore.

Mr Mahbubani, Chair of the NUS Singapore History Prize Jury Panel, said: “Southeast Asia is a magical place. At a time when many regions are suffering conflict, tension and stagnation, Southeast Asia remains an oasis of peace and prosperity, despite its incredible diversity. Why? The deeper and longer history of the region may explain this. Khir Johari’s book is a deserving winner of the Singapore History Prize because it sheds new light on our history. Few Singaporeans know that over a hundred years ago, Singapore had already emerged as ‘the New York of the Nusantara.’ This book will open their eyes to Singapore’s long and rich involvement with its surrounding region. And it is a truly beautifully produced book that will enchant its readers.”

The Food of Singapore Malays: Gastronomic Travels through the Archipelago

The Food of Singapore Malays: Gastronomic Travels through the Archipelago is an unwritten story of a people. Between the vast Indian and Pacific oceans lies the Malay Archipelago, known widely as the Nusantara, which has nourished the lives of indigenous Malays throughout the centuries and nurtured the diverse peoples that have set foot on their shores. Today, the Malays make up less than a fifth of the population in Singapore, a city with ancient ties to the Malay world.

This book explores their food, not just as a means of sustenance but as a cultural activity. Inheriting the Nusantara's rich flavours, Singapore Malays have a grand culinary heritage reflecting their worldviews, social values and historical interactions with other cultures. Through close examination of their daily objects, customs, art and literature, these pages reveal how the food Malays enjoy is deeply embedded in different aspects of their identity.

Following the broad sweep of Malay cuisine's evolution – from the 7th-century kingdom of Srivijaya to the 21st-century emporium of cosmopolitan Singapore – this book traces the continuity and dynamism of a shared cultural consciousness. Sumptuously served with stunning photographs, delicious recipes and diligent research, this is essential reading for anyone – gourmets and amateurs alike – hungry for a deeper understanding of the relationship between people and their food.

Please refer to the Annex for the citation on the winning work by Khir Johari, along with the two books receiving special commendations.

About Khir Johari

Khir Johari is the author of the award-winning book, The Food of the Singapore Malays: Gastronomic Travels Through the Archipelago. which has received widespread acclaim, including Singapore’s Book of the Year 2022, Gourmand World Food Culture Award’s Best of the Best Book 2023, and its prestigious Best of the Last 25 Years. Following this success, Khir founded “Dialogues by Khir Johari,” a platform dedicated to exploring Nusantara’s gastronomy through events and online discussions. Its inaugural event was a symposium titled Serumpun: Tasting Tradition, Telling Tales.

Aside from his literary achievements, Khir is an avid art collector and independent researcher specialising in the history and heritage of maritime Southeast Asia. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from Santa Clara University and a Masters in Education from Stanford University. He serves as a board member of the Asian Civilisations Museum Singapore.

Born and raised in Kampong Gelam, Khir was immersed in the diverse Nusantara culinary traditions from a young age, learning from both his family and the larger vibrant communities of this historic district.

Khir Johari remarked: “I am touched and humbled by this recognition. It is an honour to receive this NUS Singapore History Prize among such a distinguished list of writers. My hope is that we continue the important work of preserving and celebrating our rich culinary heritage. Our shared cultural roots are an essential starting point for understanding how food connects us across generations and borders.”

“When I set out on this book project 14 years ago, my aim was to document our nation’s first cuisine. What started as a chronicle of food culture evolved into a celebration of our custodians of gastronomic knowledge and wisdom. This book is a tribute to the fishermen, farmers, hawkers, smiths who produced our kitchen accoutrements, as well as cookbook writers, cookery teachers, homemakers and more.”

“My wish for this book is that it answers the question of why we eat what we eat as a people. I also hope it serves as a reminder that Singapore has always been an important node in a larger interconnected network. Indeed, Singapore can be aptly regarded as the New York of the Nusantara for its role and contributions in shipping, trade, publishing and performing arts of the region.”

The NUS Singapore History Prize

Mooted by Mr Mahbubani, the NUS Singapore History Prize aims to stimulate an engagement with Singapore’s history broadly understood (this might include pre-1819) and works dealing with Singapore’s place in the world. Another purpose is to make the complexities and nuances of Singapore’s history more accessible to non-academic audiences and to cast a wide net for consideration of works that deal with history. At the same time, the Prize hopes to generate a greater understanding among Singaporean citizens of their own unique history.

The Prize is an open global competition and is administered by the Department of History at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. The 2024 Prize was open to works in English (written or translated) published between 1 June 2021 and 31 May 2024. Non-fiction and fiction works were eligible for the Prize. Other creative works that have clear historical themes could also be submitted. Book-length works that were either authored or co-authored, and addressed any time period, theme, or field of Singaporean history, or include a substantial aspect of Singaporean history as part of a wider story were eligible.

The Prize is awarded every three years, and the author of the winning publication will receive a cash award of S$50,000. The inaugural Prize was awarded in 2018 to Professor John Miksic, whose work Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800 provides detailed archaeological evidence that Singapore’s story began more than 700 years ago. In 2021, the Prize was awarded to Hidayah Amin for her book Leluhur: Singapore’s Kampong Gelam which presents the history of Kampong Gelam in the context of changes to Singapore’s economic, political, and social history over the last 200 years.

Enquires about the next round of the NUS Singapore History Prize, which will open for nominations in due course, and be awarded in 2027, should be addressed to hisprize@nus.edu.sg.

• Tamil Murasu, 23 October 2024, Front Page
• Tabla!, 25 October 2024, p4

By Prof Lawrence Loh, Director, and Ms Sabrina Soon, Research Associate; both from the Centre for Governance and Sustainability at NUS Business School

• The Business Times, 23 October 2024, p18

• The Straits Times, 21 October 2024, Singapore, pA17

• 8world Online, 21 October 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 23 October 2024, Singapore, p7
• The Sunday Times, 27 October 2024, Singapore, pA14

• zbSunday, 20 October 2024, zbW, p2

Marine monitoring is the bedrock of ensuring the health of our oceans and marine life, as it enables the collection of data to understand the biogeochemical processes that drive coastal and ocean systems. There is growing recognition of the importance of marine environment monitoring at the regional scale in safeguarding our shared waters. Data collected could help guide the development of legislation and strategies aimed at protecting our oceans and marine ecosystems.

Advancing marine science research and education

To advance collaboration in marine science research, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) and the NUS Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI) inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in September 2024, which outlines a framework for collaboration and sharing of knowledge in marine and climate science research and education between the two institutions. As part of the MoU, PML will collaborate with NUS TMSI, as well as the St John's Island National Marine Laboratory (SJINML) hosted by TMSI, for various marine science research projects.

To kickstart this partnership, SJINML and the Marine Environment Sensing Network (MESN), with support from the British High Commission Singapore and the Conservation Artists Collective, organised the “Marine Monitoring for Action: Safeguarding our Shared Seas through Marine Environment Sensing and Data” workshop which was held in Singapore from 7 to 11 October 2024. The partnership was formally announced at the workshop.

This partnership builds on the long-standing collaboration between Singapore and the UK dating back to the 1950s, which Mr Nikesh Mehta, the British High Commissioner for Singapore, reflected during his welcome address at the workshop. Mr Mehta explained that continuing this historical collaboration is significant in emphasising the importance of global collaboration in marine science research and education.

“As part of the UK and Singapore’s strategic partnership, we are committed to strengthening even further our science and technology partnership, to go further than we did by developing capabilities to address global issues and challenges,” he added.

The workshop drew more than 65 participants from the region and beyond, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, and the UK, all working towards a common goal of fostering collaboration and innovation in marine monitoring to protect our oceans and marine ecosystems for the benefit of future generations.

Professor Yaacob Ibrahim, Chairman of the SJINML Governing Board, in his opening remarks, also highlighted the importance of establishing global partnerships. “Marine issues cannot therefore be managed by one country to safeguard our shared seas. Close collaboration, sharing of knowledge, expertise and data are essential,” he said.

The Marine Monitoring for Action workshop is endorsed by the UNESCO International Oceanographic Commission as a UN Ocean Decade workshop. 

A science-based approach for future oil spill response

Mr Desmond Lee, Minister for National Development and Minister-in-charge of Social Services Integration, delivered the opening remarks on the second day of the workshop. He emphasised the need for data in shaping policy to protect marine environments. “To ensure the sustainability of our marine biodiversity and its ecosystem, it is crucial that we adopt a science-based approach to monitor and protect our regional waters. Only with science and data can we make a strong case for conservation,” he said.

Mr Lee also announced a 15-month national monitoring plan, as a response to a recent oil spill incident in Singapore that took place in June 2024, to collect baseline data and monitor the impact and recovery of marine habitats after the oil spill. The research team will comprise experts from NParks, NUS TMSI, SJINML and the National Institute of Education.

Dr Tan Koh Siang, Principal Research Fellow at NUS TMSI, who is part of the research team said, “We are interested to see what effects this oil spill has on [organism] communities that are not visually obvious.” He added that the team hopes that their research can provide science-based support in finding ways to respond to future oil spills.

Assisting in the marine monitoring efforts is the MESN buoy, a system that enables real-time monitoring of seawater quality to strengthen climate change and ecological research. The MESN buoy houses a resident suite of sensors and modules for round-the-clock marine monitoring, and aims to collect data of over 30 parameters through near real-time sensing and monthly cruises.

Dr Jani Tanzil, Senior Research Fellow at NUS TMSI and Facility Director of SJINML, added that there are plans to deploy two more MESN buoys, one in the Johor Strait off Pulau Ubin and another in the south Singapore Strait, off Raffles Lighthouse (Pulau Satumu). This will help to expand marine monitoring capabilities and capture the quality of water flushing into Singapore.

The science essential for the ocean we envision

With a schedule packed with talks from marine scientists and hands-on opportunities, the workshop outlined how effective marine monitoring at various levels can help shape marine management and policies, as well as drive the implementation of national, regional, and international legislations and initiatives to protect the marine environment.

Professor Matthew Frost, Head of International Office at PML, highlighted during his presentation that global policies and actions to protect the ocean and marine life “would only work with data and scientific information feeding into it.”

The workshop also provided a platform for participants from across the region to take part in practical sessions to develop skills and acquire the tools needed to obtain rigorous and scientifically credible marine data. During the workshop, the participants actively engaged in discussions about current practices and challenges in marine monitoring, and explored opportunities for collaborative impact-led research for Southeast Asian regional seas.

“The Marine Monitoring for Action workshop was a great opportunity for regional and international stakeholders to harmonise and understand the good practices of marine monitoring in Southeast Asia,” said Dr Wee Hin Boo, Senior Lecturer from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, who attended the workshop.

Participants were also given a tour of the SJINML facility on St John’s Island, which is located approximately 6.5km to the south of the main island of Singapore. During the visit, the MESN team, which include researchers from both NUS and NTU, introduced the different techniques used in marine environment sensing.

“My biggest takeaway from the workshop is learning about the theory of change and the process of developing actionable solutions starting from the impact that we want to make,” said Ms Denise Yu, Research Assistant at NUS TMSI.

The Marine Monitoring for Action workshop helped to foster an environment of mutual learning and exchange of ideas between countries, fuelling future possibilities of regional collaborative research efforts to help protect our shared oceans.

“Armed with the data and knowledge from marine monitoring, we can better position ourselves to be more resilient to the challenges ahead, especially with the uncertainty of climate change and other environmental disturbances from increasing coastal urbanisation,” said Dr Tanzil.

• CNA Online, 22 October 2024

By Prof Tan Huay Cheem, Senior Consultant from the National University Heart Centre, Singapore and Dept of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 22 October 2024, Fukan, p4

NUS deepened its historic and longstanding relationship with Universiti Malaya (UM) this month, organising a series of events to celebrate the universities’ academic and social connections.

On 15 October, the inaugural UM-NUS Joint Workshop on Biomedical Engineering 2024 was held on the NUS Kent Ridge campus, bringing together researchers, educators, and scholars to discuss advancements in biomedical engineering and technology. Organised by the NUS Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthTech) and supported by the NUS Office of Alumni Relations, the event included keynote addresses and talks from 10 UM and NUS researchers, as well as a tour of iHealthTech. Pertinent topics were discussed, including, among others, the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on healthcare and the opportunities that artificial intelligence and the metaverse bring to the field.

“We were excited we could hold this joint event, bringing together leading minds from our two sister universities,” said NUS Professor Lim Chwee Teck, NUS Society Chair Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Director of iHealthTech. “Workshops like these serve as an important platform for exchanging ideas and exploring potential areas of collaboration.”

Professor Dr Yvonne Lim, Associate Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic and International) at UM, echoed the sentiment. “This partnership highlights our commitment to advancing innovation that will drive transformative solutions in healthcare technology,” she said. “Together, we aim to inspire new ideas and pave the way for innovation that will benefit both Malaysia and Singapore."

Speaking at the UM-NUS Gala Dinner at The Fullerton Hotel Singapore later that evening, NUS President Professor Tan Eng Chye detailed the legacy of cooperation and camaraderie between the two universities. Recent partnerships include the 2023 UM-NUS Joint Symposium on Infectious Diseases and Translational Program, as well as the 2024 expansion of the NUS Overseas Colleges programme to Kuala Lumpur, with UM serving as NUS’ partner university. These examples “demonstrate the shared success of UM and NUS,” said Professor Tan. “By continuing to create and encourage opportunities for collaboration and exchange, UM and NUS are both enriched.”

The Gala Dinner was hosted by NUS Chancellor, His Excellency President Tharman Shanmugaratnam, and attended by UM Chancellor, His Royal Highness Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, the Sultan of the state of Perak and Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. “Events like this are what makes the bond of our historical friendship and ties ever more meaningful, and ever more robust, rooted in unyielding trust and camaraderie,” noted Vice-Chancellor of UM, Professor Dato' Seri Ir. Dr Noor Azuan bin Abu Osman.

Close to 200 NUS and UM alumni and staff joined the formal dinner, which included two stirring performances from the NUS Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music’s alumni string quartet.

A friendly face-off on the fairway

Running parallel to the Joint Workshop and Gala Dinner was the 53rd UM-NUS Inter-University Tunku Chancellor Golf Tournament, which NUS hosted on 15 and 16 October.  Over 100 golfers from UM and NUS participated in the tournament, which was first held in 1968 in Kuala Lumpur.

Over the two days, faculty, staff, and alumni took the opportunity to reconnect with old friends and forge new connections while engaging in friendly competition. Intermittent rain did not dampen the spirits or sportsmanship of the golfers, who enjoyed the social game at Orchid Country Club, and the competitive game at Seletar Country Club. Led by Golf Captain Mr Bernard Toh, the NUS team emerged victorious for the first time since 2019, marking the close to another celebration of the productive partnership between the two universities.

By NUS Office of Alumni Relations

• 8world Online, 21 October 2024

By Prof Sing Tien Foo, Provost’s Chair Professor at the Dept of Real Estate at NUS Business School

• Lianhe Zaobao, 21 October 2024, Opinion, p15

The National University of Singapore's School of Computing (NUS Computing) has entered into a partnership with FPT, a leading global technology corporation based in Vietnam, to advance the field of artificial intelligence (AI). This collaboration plans a joint investment of US$50 million, to be contributed by FPT, NUS, and other key players in the local and regional AI ecosystems over the next five years, aiming to drive pioneering research in AI and enhance talent development. 

This partnership will not only strengthen FPT's capacity to commercialise AI solutions and improve its R&D capabilities but also foster the development of top-tier AI workforce, thereby enhancing its competitive advantage in the APAC region and beyond. 

New AI Lab to propel collaborative research, innovation, and commercialisation initiatives 

A key focus of this partnership is the establishment of a state-of-the-art AI Lab. Combining the strengths of NUS’ research and FPT’s industry expertise, the new AI Lab will accelerate cutting-edge research in diverse domains of AI, including machine learning, data analytics, natural language processing, and computer vision, benefiting Singapore, the Asia Pacific region, and beyond. 

Hosted at NUS Computing, the new AI Lab will be part of the University’s dynamic AI ecosystem, collaborating with the NUS AI Institute (NAII) – which brings together AI researchers and expertise across the University. The new AI Lab’s innovative research projects will focus on AI and automation, emphasising real-world applications in various industries, such as banking and insurance, logistics and transportation, aviation and airline, energy and utilities, manufacturing, and more. In addition, the new AI Lab will produce joint research papers, case studies, and white papers for publication in internationally recognised journals and conferences, sharing findings with the academic and business communities. 

NUS Computing and FPT will also explore opportunities to commercialise AI-driven solutions, including the joint development of AI products, services, and platforms for global markets. By focusing on real-world challenges, the AI Lab will harness the potential of AI to drive positive advancements in sectors critical to Singapore’s development and global progress. 

Building capacity and boosting AI talents 

Talent development is another cornerstone of the partnership. FPT and NUS Computing will conduct joint programmes, such as internships, workshops, training courses, and PhD research opportunities, to nurture AI talents. These initiatives will cultivate a pool of highly skilled professionals equipped with the skills and expertise to lead future advancements in AI and automation across Singapore and the wider APAC region. 

Driving Innovation Together 

FPT Corporation Founder and Chairman Dr Truong Gia Binh said, “FPT believes AI is a pivotal accelerator in shaping the future. For more than a decade, FPT has been actively pursuing AI research and development to stimulate innovations and has integrated AI into all our services and solutions. We also invested heavily in the training and development of an AI-ready workforce. The close partnership with the renowned NUS can help us harness AI power to drive mutual growth and success not only in Singapore and Vietnam but globally.” 

Mr David Nguyen, FPT Asia Pacific Chief Executive Officer, emphasised the strategic significance of the collaboration: "The establishment of the AI Lab in Singapore is a cornerstone of our partnership, where we will develop groundbreaking solutions to address challenges across industries that are critical to the region’s growth and global competitiveness such as healthcare, banking and insurance, logistics and transportation, aviation and airline, energy and utilities, manufacturing, and more. By leveraging each other’s expertise, we aim to accelerate innovation and drive impactful results locally, in the Asia-Pacific region, and worldwide." 

Professor Tan Kian Lee, Dean of NUS Computing, said, “This synergistic partnership brings together the complementary strengths of NUS Computing and FPT. We aim to bring innovative AI solutions to real-world challenges, and at the same time, contributing to the AI ecosystem in Singapore and globally through the development of a highly skilled AI workforce.” 

FPT has over a decade of experience in AI research and development. Most recently, it announced investments of US$174 million to establish an AI centre in Binh Dinh, Vietnam, and a plan to invest US$200 million to develop an AI factory utilising NVIDIA’s advanced graphics chips and software. These AI initiatives are further boosted by extensive global partnerships with leading AI players such as NVIDIA, Landing AI, AITOMATIC, and the founding membership of the AI Alliance led by IBM and Meta. The tech firm also boasts an AI workforce of over 1,500 engineers, with additional resources of 1,300 FPT University students majoring in AI annually. Its AI Residency programme, established in collaboration with Mila Quebec AI Institute, also actively cultivates the next generations of AI talents. 

On the other hand, NUS boasts strong capabilities in AI research. The University has forged strong connections with government agencies, industry, and international partners through various AI initiatives. To enhance its influence in the AI landscape, NUS launched NAII in March 2024, which focuses on both fundamental and applied research in AI, as well as explores the societal implications of AI. 
 

• CNA (TV News), 11 October 2024
• Channel 5 News, 11 October 2024
• The Business Times Online, 11 October 2024
• CNA Online, 11 October 2024
• 8world Online, 11 October 2024
• 8world Online, 11 October 2024
• The Straits Times, 12 October 2024, Business, pA27

• The Straits Times, 12 October 2024, Singapore, pA20

• Lianhe Zaobao, 12 October 2024, Singapore News, p4
• CNA (TV News), 11 October 2024
• CNA938 (11 Oct), 11 October 2024
• 8world Online, 11 October 2024
• Suria News Online, 11 October 2024

• Lianhe Zaobao, 12 October 2024, Singapore News, p11

• Berita Harian, 16 October 2024, p11

• CNA Online, 14 October 2024

• The Straits Times, 14 October 2024

By Prof Hsu Li Yang, Vice Dean of Global Health and Programme Leader of Infectious Diseases from the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS

• The Straits Times, 14 Oct 2024, Opinion, pB3

• Lianhe Zaobao, 12 October 2024, Singapore, p5

By Zahrina Zakaria, a Year 2 student from the School of Computing at NUS

• Berita Minggu, 13 October 2024, p14

How many images do we see in a day? Scrolling through social media platforms or news sites on our way to school or work, we may have already seen a few hundred images, from memes and photographs to advertisements, posters and videos or animated content.

These visual imageries not only affect our mood, how we think and perceive or relate to other content, but have the power to shape narratives and societies and cultures. In short, visual media impact and shape our lives in ways we may not immediately recognise.

Students examined these illuminating insights during a workshop on 9 October that introduced the basic concepts of visual cultures and curatorial practices. The workshop was an introduction to the Minor in Visual Cultures that will soon be available to all undergraduates at NUS.

NUS first to offer Visual Cultures as a minor across the STEM and humanities fields

When launched in January 2025, NUS will be the first university in Singapore to offer students the option of pursuing a Minor in Visual Cultures. The programme, jointly offered by the Department of Communications and New Media (CNM) at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and NUS Museum, will equip students with skills to understand, critique and ethically use visually-driven media and artefacts in and across the STEM and humanities disciplines of design, digital technology, communications and new media, architecture, visual arts, aesthetics, and culture.

This is the first time NUS Museum, a university museum that houses Asian art and cultural collections and facilitates intellectual and culture life at the university, has co-developed and will co-teach a Capstone course in an undergraduate programme.

“Visual culture is everywhere. The visual tells us a lot about how we live, how we think. Visuality influences our choices, our political views, and our ways of being,” said Programme Director of the Minor in Visual Cultures, Associate Professor Lilian Chee from the Department of Architecture (DoA) at the College of Design and Engineering at NUS (CDE). Assoc Prof Chee is also Academic Director of the NUS Museum and holds a joint appointment at CNM. She adds, “In such a visually saturated world, visual literacy is particularly important for understanding the production, consumption and interpretation of information. It is a hugely valuable skill for any field of study, and in any future professional role.”

Assoc Prof Chee emphasised that being multi- and interdisciplinary in nature, the Minor in Visual Cultures strongly aligns with NUS’ goal of developing critical thought leaders with multimodal skills to think, act and communicate effectively across disciplines.

Registration for the Minor in Visual Cultures will open in mid-December 2024. To be certified with the Minor, students enrolled in the programme must take and pass two compulsory core courses and three electives.

This includes the introductory and compulsory course ‘Reading Visual Images’ offered by DoA which introduces students to ways of interpreting and discussing works of art, specifically through paintings and sculpture.

Electives-wise, students can choose from 27 courses drawn from 11 departments and divisions in the Humanities or Sciences such as ‘AI for Design’, “Cartography and Geovisualisation’, ‘Modern Art: A Critical Introduction’, ‘Social Psychology of New Media’ and ‘Modern Optics’.

Ms Siddharta Perez, Museum Curatorial Lead at NUS Museum added, “Collaborating with CNM on the Minor in Visual Cultures allows the Museum to impart their industry knowledge and insights to students through hands-on exhibition-making or multidisciplinary research centred on visual cultures. It also draws on the Museum’s rich collections of visual resources, objects and archives on Singapore and the region.”

A “Visual Cultures” Capstone course

The programme culminates in a compulsory “Visual Cultures” Capstone course that examines the significance of the visual and the politics of visuality across the fields of heritage, environmental humanities, philosophy, spatial practices, design, architecture, visual art and performance.

The course will first bring together knowledge gleaned from the theoretical electives. A consolidation of different types of visual categories (such as objects and paintings, buildings, maps, social media, photographs and AI-generated images), it gathers key visual theories from different disciplines (film studies, architecture, communications and media, geography, history, and philosophy among them) to discuss, examine, and reflect on their relationships.

In the second half of the course, students will be required to develop projects to demonstrate critical visual cultural thinking and skills. These projects may take on more experimental pathways, involve novel interventions in existing exhibitions, develop a series of public programmes or marketing campaigns or work on expanding or enhancing the Museum’s current collections. 

Such project-based and problem-based learning will provide students opportunities to launch a media campaign, pitch an idea for funding, strategise the gathering of resources and their allocation, learn how to use social media ethically, and how to market content through visual media.

Dr Baey Shi Chen, a lecturer with the Department of CNM and Co-convener of the Minor in Visual Cultures shared, “The Capstone course offers a broad-based education, focusing primarily on how the visual both gathers and cuts across a wide range of disciplines. Students will strategise how to collect and curate visual information, and learn how audiences perceive the work. These are transferable skills that can translate across a broad range of professions: from the arts to hospitality, banking, education, media and design, healthcare, science and law.”

Neo Jie Ning, a third-year student with the NUS Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music, who attended the workshop to learn more about the Minor in Visual Cultures shared that she was particularly intrigued by the diverse range of courses offered by the Minor. “As someone passionate about photography and visual arts, I believe taking these courses will not only deepen my understanding of visual arts but also offer fresh perspectives that complement my current major in Music and Production.”

Students who are keen to learn more about the field can sign up for upcoming workshops that will take place on 23 October and 6 November here.

|By Mr Benjamin Low |

Religious communities around the world have been confronted with the advent of digital media platforms, a trend that began even before the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the adoption of these platforms, religious communities are no longer as bound to physical spaces as they used to be. How, then, has the adoption and usage of digital media platforms affected religious community and practice in Singapore? While the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the intensity of digitalisation among religious organisations, digitalisation is not equally distributed across religious activities and organisations.

In our survey of religious organisations – the pilot study of a series of studies conducted in conjunction with the NUS Asia Research Institute (ARI) that explores the evolving relationship between religious communities and digital media in Singapore – we examine and document digitalisation among local religious organisations. Underpinning our survey was the question of whether the COVID-19 pandemic provided the impetus for religious organisations to adopt digital media platforms in Singapore. To this end, we found that the COVID-19 pandemic increased the rate of adoption among religious organisations that had not yet adopted digital media platforms before the pandemic (mainly non-Muslim and non-Christian organisations) while, among those that already began using digital media platforms before the pandemic (mainly Christian and Muslim organisations), usage of digital media platforms increased.

Yet, while religious organisations reported using digital media platforms more in general, certain activities conducted by religious organisations have resisted going online more than others. Based on data gathered on the percentage of activities conducted online compared to offline, we found that synchronous activities (activities that require real-time interaction) were less likely than asynchronous activities (activities that do not require real-time interaction) to undergo digitalisation. Religious organisations reported the most instances of digitalising administrative tasks that did not require synchronous in-person participation. These administrative activities include the internal circulation of announcements, newsletters, and circulars, as well as the collection of offerings and donations and the dissemination of religious materials for self-study. On the other hand, synchronous activities that resisted digitalisation include the conduct of prayers and rituals, as well as meetings (study groups and committee meetings), and community-building activities.

Digitalisation and the blurring of boundaries between public and private spaces

The resistance of synchronous activities to digitalisation is noteworthy as, despite the availability of technology that can and has simulated meetings and worship sessions during the pandemic, respondents still reported conducting these activities mostly offline. While many respondents indicated an intention to further digitalise, it remains to be seen what the focus of their digitalisation efforts will be and which activities will be digitalised more than others. These will allow for a deeper understanding of the pathways through which digitalisation can affect religious community and practice. For instance, some religious organisations reported feeling ambivalent about their experience of digitalisation given how digitalisation has blurred the boundaries between public and private spaces – where anything said or done in private settings could potentially become public due to livestreaming or speech, text, or footage becoming available to unintended audiences.

On the one hand, digital media platforms afford more privacy as they do not have to take place in public spaces. On the other hand, the potentially public nature of online interactions could have far-reaching and long-lasting effects. As sociologist José van Dijck argues in Engineering Sociality in a Culture of Connectivity (2013), social media has “unquestionably altered the nature of private and public communication” (pp. 3-23). With the advent of digital media platforms and the increasing digitalisation of religious services, the lines between public and private spheres are blurring. This blurring of boundaries between private and public has legal implications, an instance of which pertains to what is considered public speech. If all private social interaction potentially reaches a public audience, what can be considered and liable as private or public utterance? More broadly, how has the potentially increased range of audiences afforded by digital media platform adoption changed the way members of religious communities relate to each other? How do the new ways of forming and sustaining relationships in religious communities afforded by technology affect the way religious beliefs are enacted?

Most existing laws pertaining to religious practice apply to religious activities conducted in public spaces as the premise was that religion had to be enacted in public spaces. Our findings suggest that it may still be some time before the changes in religious practice caused by digitalisation are substantial enough for a radical legal overhaul as “core” religious activities – that is, religious activities that set religions apart from each other such as worship activities – are the activities most resistant to digitalisation. In spite of the observed trend towards increased digitalisation, these findings belie a sense of attachment to physical space among religious practitioners in Singapore.

As such, further research should be conducted to understand the reasons why some organisations and activities are resistant to digitalisation. This would help us answer the important question of the role that doctrinal and theological factors play in the adoption or non-adoption of digital media platforms. Such research contributes to our understanding of the limits of digital and technological mediation in replacing real-time, physically-bounded interaction. As sociologist Craig Calhoun ponders in his classic piece, Community Without Propinquity Revisited (1998), what is community without the physical presence of others in the same space? Our results support the idea that the “magic” of physical interaction is still an important factor to consider when thinking about the relationship between religious practice and digitalisation. Perhaps the complexity and, indeed, “warmth” of real-time social interaction cannot be replaced by digitally-mediated interaction – at least not just yet.

By using religion as a case study through which we study the socio-legal effects of digitalisation on religious communities, our study speaks to scholarship on the evolving relationship between digital media and society. These findings regarding digitalisation as experienced by religious organisations bring to mind broader issues pertaining to digitalisation as experienced in society – issues that have to do with how technology is affecting the way we relate to each other as well as the limits of technology in replacing the physical, real-time interaction traditionally associated with community.

Benjamin Low is a Research Associate with the Centre for Asian Legal Studies (CALS) at the NUS Faculty of Law. At CALS, he is currently working on a research project exploring the socio-legal implications of the digitalisation of religion in Singapore that is so new that it has yet to be formally named. A cultural and organisational sociologist specialising in social networks and innovation, he is completing his doctoral studies at the University of Oxford Department of Sociology. A seasoned jazz drummer and National Arts Council Scholarship recipient, he can be found making music in and around Singapore when not (actively) doing research. This piece was written on behalf the CALS-ARI research team which consists of Principal Investigator Associate Professor Jaclyn Neo (CALS), co-Principal Investigator Dr Erica Larson (ARI), and the author. This research project is generously funded by the Humanities and Social Sciences Seed Fund grant.

By Assoc Prof Wee Hwee Lin, Director of the Centre for Health Interventions and Policy Evaluation Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS 

• The Straits Times, 10 October 2024, Opinion, pB3

By Adj Assoc Prof Jeremy Lim, from the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS 

• The Straits Times, 10 October 2024, Opinion, pB3

• 8world Online, 8 October 2024 
• The Straits Times, 9 October 2024, The Big Story, pA3
• Lianhe Zaobao, 9 October 2024, Singapore, p5 
• CNA, 9 October 2024 
• CNA938, 9 October 2024
• Berita Harian, 10 October 2024, p4  

• CNA Online, 6 October 2024
• 8world Online, 6 October 2024
• CNA, 10 October 2024

• The Straits Times Online, 10 October 2024

• CNA, 9 October 2024
• 8world Online, 9 October 2024
• Suria News Online, 9 October 2024
• Vasantham News Online, 9 October 2024
• CNA938, 9 October 2024
• Warna 94.2FM, 9 October 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 10 October 2024, Singapore, p14

By Dr Serina Rahman, Lecturer from the Dept of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at NUS

• Suria News Online, 11 October 2024

Mr Lim Zhi Rong, Director (HR Operations) at the NUS Office of Human Resources, has been accorded the Master Professional (IHRP-MP) certification by the Institute for Human Resource Professionals (IHRP) – a recognition that is awarded to top HR leaders in multinational corporations, the public sector, and small and medium-sized enterprises for their significant contributions to the HR industry.

In his 18-year career in HR, Mr Lim held global, regional and country leadership roles across various sectors including Financial, Fast Moving Consumer Goods and Technology, before joining NUS in February 2024. Serving on the IHRP-Professional Practices Committee since 2018, he leads the development of the IHRP Certification Framework, which includes setting standards and developing frameworks for course accreditation and continuing professional development. 

Mr Lim received the IHRP-MP certification from Mr Zaqy Mohamad, Senior Minister of State for Defence and Manpower at the annual IHRP event, People Behind People, on 10 October 2024. Nominated by the tripartite partners—Ministry of Manpower, NTUC, and the Singapore National Employers Federation—he is among only 46 IHRP MPs in Singapore.

Reflecting on his achievement, Mr Lim said, “I’m deeply passionate about creating a positive and inclusive workplace culture that fosters employee growth and success. Receiving the IHRP-MP certification is a great honour, and I’m encouraged to continue to contribute meaningfully to the HR community and maintain the highest standards of HR practices at NUS.”

Ideas, research findings, and real-world results came together in a flurry of intellectual exchanges at the Festival of Ideas 2024 from 16 to 20 September, an event organised by the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (LKYSPP) to promote dialogue that inspires and shapes solutions to pressing policy issues.

The third edition of the biennial flagship event, which coincides with the School’s 20th anniversary, discussed the theme “Navigating a World in Crisis: Transforming Governance through Asia.” The 130 speakers ranged from LKYSPP academics who research and teach public policy to policymakers and industry practitioners who are directly impacted by policy decisions in their daily work.

“The Festival is an engagement on the great ideas and the most pressing issues of our time,” said Professor Danny Quah, Dean of LKYSPP, adding that it is an occasion for the School to showcase its thinking, for its PhD and Master’s students to display their work, and for colleagues from LKYSPP and around the world to engage in conversation. “This is all part of the school mission – that we inspire changemakers and leadership, we help improve the well-being of people around us and further afield, and we help transform Asia through the experience of good governance.”

Prof Quah was speaking at the opening session of the Festival, which explored China’s role in a shifting global order and the US-China rivalry through a dialogue with distinguished guests Ambassador Chan Heng Chee, Ambassador-at-Large and Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Cities; Mr Lee Yi Shyan, Former Senior Minister of State and Chairman of Business China; and Assistant Professor Selina Ho, Co-Director of the Centre on Asia and Globalisation at LKYSPP. Their discussion touched on the role of smaller nations and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in helping to mediate the rivalry, as well as China’s domestic drivers and its ideal world order that inform the superpower’s perspective.

The session set the stage for the rest of the programme, which comprised 42 sessions over five days with various session formats such as lectures, workshops, panel discussions, and book launches. Some of the sessions ran concurrently, and most were accompanied by moderated Q&A segments that yielded valuable insights for the audience, which included NUS students, current and retired politicians, and members of the public interested in policy and governance issues.

On the final day, highlights included sessions that discussed artificial intelligence (AI) governance, the current global state of conflict and peace, and Singapore’s policy approach to managing its most precious resource – its people.

AI and governance in a time of disinformation

In the session on AI and Governance in a Time of Disinformation, representatives from government, media, and major players in the AI industry discussed the complexities of designing and implementing AI governance. The discussion was moderated by Dr Carol Soon, Principal Research Fellow and Head, Society and Culture at the Institute of Policy Studies.

Dr Janil Puthucheary, Senior Minister of State in Singapore’s Ministry of Digital Development and Information, explained that Singapore is handling the disruption from AI similarly to other types of technological disruption. “We have an imperative to make sure that Singapore's people, our economy, our businesses, the jobs, the social cohesion and structure that we have, are able to benefit from whatever technological disruption is coming towards us,” he said.

However, there are unique challenges in this arena, such as the heavy reliance of Singapore’s economy on technology and the country’s close connections to the rest of the world through international policies and practices, globally accepted standards for technological interoperability, and more. Consequently, Singapore will feel the impact of new developments and regulations in AI almost instantly as they continue to emerge.

“We need to be able to develop our approach in real time as the promise as well as the pitfalls of AI play out in the world around us,” said Dr Janil.

A question from the audience about the need for an international AI agency prompted two panellists to share their experience of working with international organisations and why they do not feel such an agency is necessary.

“Instinctively, most people would feel that there is a need for international collaboration and cooperation,” said Mr Jaime Ho, Editor of The Straits Times. “But whether or not the formal structure of an agency is going to help, I seriously doubt it will, based upon the experiences we’ve seen in recent years. People need to agree to be part of it, and an agency is only worth its salt if it’s able to enforce certain things.”

Ms Eunice Huang, Google’s Asia-Pacific Head of AI and Emerging Tech Policy, highlighted that the AI ecosystem comprising governments, industries, and civil society is working on regulations and standards via annual AI Safety Summits and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). “A lot of international coordination can be done without the need for a new international organisation to be set up, because that entails a lot of investment and administrative things, and the politics of it also gets in the way,” she said.

Conflict and peace in the 21^st century

Amid the global focus on ongoing conflicts, speakers at a panel discussion on Conflict and Peace in the 21^st Century, moderated by Associate Professor Francesco Mancini, Vice Dean (Executive Education) and Associate Professor in Practice at LKYSPP, called for a greater emphasis to be placed on studying and investing in peace.

Ms Wu Ye-Min, Regional Director, South and Southeast Asia, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, urged countries to invest meaningfully in peace by training and placing peacemakers and impartial mediators in the field, which has proved successful in southern Philippines. In Sulu, such initiatives have resulted in decreased violence and allowed local tourism to thrive, with beach resorts being opened in formerly dangerous areas.

Teaching youths about peace-making and de-escalation will not only equip them with the skills for peace, but also bring discussions of conflict resolution into schools, workplaces, and homes to effect local change. 

Former diplomat Mr Kishore Mahbubani, Distinguished Fellow at the NUS Asia Research Institute, and Dr Michael Vatikiotis, Senior Advisor, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, highlighted the unusual peace that Southeast Asia has enjoyed for the past 45 years. They noted the success of ASEAN in creating positive regional relations, boosting overall economic development, and enabling the region to protect its interests and reduce unwanted interference from other countries.

The speakers warned that climate change is increasingly important as a conflict driver, with the effects already visible in the Sahel region of Africa. Peace-making efforts will be needed to resolve climate-related challenges like fish stock depletion as conditions prompt ocean life to relocate, an example that Ms Wu shared.

Said Mr Mahbubani: “If humanity was intelligent, it would realise that the message from climate change is that… climate change doesn't respect borders at all. We've got to realise that all 8 billion of us are on the same boat; we've got to work together to deal with climate change.”

Closing dialogue with Minister Tan See Leng

The last session of the festival was a dialogue with Dr Tan See Leng, Minister for Manpower and Second Minister for Trade and Industry, Singapore.

In his speech and responses to questions from the audience, Dr Tan shared insights into how Singapore has managed to thrive despite its size and lack of natural resources, by carefully designing and implementing manpower policies like the Central Provident Fund (CPF) and creating a unique tripartite partnership between the government, workers, and businesses.

While the shared values that made Singapore’s success possible remain relevant, the government recognises that the employment landscape and workers’ aspirations and expectations have changed over the years. Hence, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) will shift its policy approach accordingly, he said.

“From the creation of the CPF system to our unique tripartite partnership, we have shown that innovative policies guided by strong values like meritocracy and fairness will lead to success,” Dr Tan said. “Through the times, MOM will continue to evolve, will continue to adapt.”

“Our singular focus will always be on supporting workers and businesses, driving growth, and fostering inclusive workplaces. I'm confident that as long as we hold true to our ideals and we are bold enough to try out new ideas, we can thrive in this ever-changing world.”

NUS and Imperial College London (Imperial) have announced a new partnership to strengthen research collaborations.  The three-year partnership will see the two universities explore cooperation in early-stage research and ideas that might not otherwise be pursued.

The universities will explore potential research projects in areas such as health, sustainability, artificial intelligence and the digital economy.

NUS has long-standing links with Imperial, and the two universities’ new partnership will strengthen links between London and Singapore.

The new agreement will help fund exploratory research and see increased mobility of scientists and students between NUS and Imperial, with researchers spending time in each other’s laboratories in Singapore and London working on joint projects and sharing knowledge and data.  

The agreement was signed at NUS during a visit by Imperial’s President Professor Hugh Brady and his delegation.  

Professor Tan Eng Chye, President of NUS, said: “Imperial College London has been a valued partner of NUS and we are proud to deepen our collaboration through this new initiative. This latest partnership empowers academics, researchers and students from two leading global universities to drive influential research and build impactful networks. We share a common dedication to boosting exploratory research which is crucial for developing innovative solutions to the wicked problems of today. We look forward to the enriching exchange of knowledge and experience in the coming years.” 

Professor Hugh Brady, President of Imperial College London, said: “This exciting partnership with the National University of Singapore demonstrates our shared commitment to tackling global challenges through world-leading research and innovation. By joining forces with one of Singapore’s top universities we are poised to make significant advancements in areas such as sustainability, healthcare innovation, and the digital economy. This collaboration will not only enhance our research capabilities but also provide invaluable opportunities for our staff and students to expand their international networks and experience.”

NUS and Imperial have worked together successfully on many previous projects including successfully engineering common baker’s yeast to produce a key ingredient for dementia medicines.

By Assoc Prof (Practice) Terence Ho, from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS

• The Straits Times, 8 October 2024, Opinion, pB2

• Lianhe Zaobao, 8 October 2024, Singapore, p7

• 8world Online, 7 October 2024
• Vasantham News Online, 7 October 2024
• Capital 95.8FM, 7 October 2024
• Hao 96.3FM, 7 October 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 8 October 2024, Singapore, p8

By Dr Joseph Liow Chin Yong, Chairman of the Middle East Institute at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 7 October 2024, Opinion, p18

By Prof Teo Yik Ying, NUS Vice President for Global Health and Dean of the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS

• The Straits Times, 7 October 2024, Opinion, Front Page and pB2

• Lianhe Zaobao, 7 October 2024, Singapore, p6

• Lianhe Zaobao, 7 October 2024, Singapore, p5

A recent study published in Nature Geoscience provides groundbreaking insights into long-term changes in tropical weather patterns that are leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall in the Indo-Pacific. These changes are possibly driven by global warming, among other factors. The paper, titled “Indo-Pacific regional extremes aggravated by changes in tropical weather patterns”, employs a recently proposed methodology that characterises occurrence trends of weather patterns using atmospheric analogues, which are linked to the concept of recurrences in dynamical systems theory.

Unlike previous approaches, which have often focused on shifts in average behaviour, the method used in the study can identify occurrence trends for each daily weather pattern, thereby enabling a direct study of their association with extreme events — something that was previously unachievable. Thanks to this methodology, it was possible to identify the emergence of new large-scale atmospheric patterns, which are exacerbating regional weather extremes.

The study, led by doctoral student Chenyu Dong and Assistant Professor Gianmarco Mengaldo from the College of Design and Engineering (CDE) at the National University of Singapore (NUS), and a collaborative team of international scientists, uses advanced reanalysis datasets to analyse the tropical Indo-Pacific region’s evolving weather systems. The researchers found that since the 1990s, previously rare weather patterns have become more common, while some others that were once prominent have nearly disappeared. These changes are linked to shifts in the Pacific Walker Circulation, a key driver of tropical weather and climate, whose future changes remain highly uncertain in current climate models. Detecting long-term trends in the tropical Indo-Pacific has consistently been a challenge, especially on a daily time scale, due to the confluence of several modes of variability that tends to overshadow trend signals. This study is one of the first to investigate long-term changes in tropical weather patterns and their relationship with extreme events on a daily time scale.

“Critical changes in tropical weather patterns are significantly aggravating regional extremes, namely heatwaves and extreme precipitation, in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Our study is one of the first to disentangle trend vs variability in the tropics, an aspect that has been historically challenging. We show that the changes identified cannot be fully explained by interannual modes of variability, and a possible culprit is anthropogenic global warming, though the influence of other factors may play a role. Further in-depth analyses are required to better inform climate modelling and climate adaptation strategies, especially in the tropical Indo-Pacific, where climate models still struggle to provide reliable projections. For Singapore, and other countries in Southeast Asia, improving climate projection capabilities and better understanding how tropical dynamics and regional extremes are evolving is of vital importance. This study is one step towards this direction,” said Asst Prof Mengaldo from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at CDE, NUS.

Key findings

• Emerging weather patterns: New large-scale atmospheric configurations (or weather patterns) that were rare before the 1990s have emerged, while some others that were prominent have disappeared. These emerging weather patterns manifest as a stronger Pacific Walker circulation (or Walker cell) and are associated with wetter and warmer conditions in Southeast Asia and drier conditions in the equatorial Pacific. The emerging patterns cannot be explained by interannual modes of natural variability, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), but they are instead likely driven by long-term trends from the 1940s to the present. These trends and shifts of large-scale atmospheric dynamics in the tropical Indo-Pacific may be caused by global warming and other factors. Although these identified emerging patterns may be driven by the combined effect of different factors (excluding known modes of inter-annual variability), the implications for current and near-future climate are critical.
• Considerable increase in weather extremes: The emerging weather patterns are strongly linked to increased regional weather extremes, namely heatwaves and extreme rainfall. In certain regions, these extremes are up to four times more frequent than climatology when associated with emerging weather patterns. For example, several regions, including parts of Indonesia, Singapore, South India, the Philippines and the western Pacific, exhibit markedly increased frequency of heatwaves compared with climatology. The South China Sea and its surrounding areas, including Vietnam and the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, the tip of South India and a portion of the Indian Ocean off the coast of Australia, exhibit considerably increased frequency of extreme rainfall. This increase in extreme weather is noteworthy, given that such changes are associated with long-term climate trends in a region that is highly vulnerable to weather extremes.
• Significance of the study: These findings are significant in the context of climate change as they reveal that new and emerging weather patterns are contributing to increasingly severe weather in a region home to over a billion people, as well as unique and vulnerable ecosystems. The increased occurrences of heatwaves and extreme rainfall can lead to acute heat distress and flooding, respectively. With extreme weather events posing severe socio-economic and environmental challenges, understanding these changes is critical for improving climate models and informing future climate adaptation strategies.

This study was conducted by an international team of climate scientists from leading institutions, including NUS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Uppsala University, Stockholm University, University of Cambridge, Columbia University, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the Centre for Climate Research Singapore (CCRS). The team is committed to advancing climate research to better understand the impacts of a changing climate on regional weather patterns and extremes.

“The emergence of new tropical weather patterns is a key signal of how anthropogenic climate change is altering atmospheric dynamics on a daily scale. Our findings show a significant increase in heatwaves and extreme precipitation in the Indo-Pacific, which may have profound consequences not only for the region but for global climate as well. This shift in weather patterns challenges our previous understanding of tropical variability and highlights the urgency to improve climate projections and preparedness for extreme events in vulnerable regions,” said Dr Davide Faranda, Research Director at the Laboratoire de Science du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) of Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS).

“Heatwaves and extreme rainfall are two weather extremes that require careful and advance planning from policymakers to mitigate their effects. For instance, more frequent heatwaves may lead to high peaks in electricity demand with possible power outages, many heat-related illnesses that would need enough hospital beds, and crop failure that could threaten food security.  More frequent extreme rainfall may lead to floods, which in turn are a direct threat to human life, buildings and infrastructure. Extreme rainfall may also lead to crop failure, contamination of drinkable water, and landslides. Southeast Asia is a relatively research-scarce region in terms of extreme weather, and further efforts are required to better prepare policymakers and local communities for a changing climate,” said Asst Prof Mengaldo.

For further details on the study, please visit Nature Geoscience.

NUS has come in at 17th place in the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings 2025 after holding at 19 for two consecutive years. It maintains its 3rd position in Asia and is currently the top university in ASEAN. 

Higher education has witnessed significant shifts and disruptions in recent years, opening doors for a reinvention of the approach to education and research. NUS’ focus on adapting curricula and pedagogy to match evolving industry demands has nurtured future-resilient, AI-ready and enterprising graduates, while a renewed emphasis on innovative, interdisciplinary research has contributed impactful solutions to the most pressing global challenges.

NUS President, Professor Tan Eng Chye said that NUS, which will be celebrating its 120th anniversary in 2025, continues on a strong and confident trajectory and remains focused in its mission to shape young minds and create positive outcomes for future generations.

“We are immensely proud that NUS has risen to 17th in the world, our highest position in THE World University Rankings. This achievement is the result of the relentless pursuit of excellence by the NUS community,” said Prof Tan.

THE World University Rankings 2025 is THE’s 21st edition of the rankings, growing from 200 universities to, now, more than 2,000 universities, making it the most global and inclusive university ranking in the world.

THE uses 18 carefully calibrated performance indicators in the areas of teaching, research environment, research quality, international outlook and industry, providing the most comprehensive and balanced comparisons, trusted by students, academics, university leaders, industry and governments.

Phil Baty, THE Chief of Global Affairs, said that Singapore’s status as a world-class hub for higher education, research and innovation talent is well and truly established, adding that the latest rankings a testament to strong support for universities and R&D as fundamental to the success of the nation and the centring of human talent as Singapore’s greatest resource.

“Congratulations to NUS on its highest ever ranking position. It is a remarkable achievement – making NUS a beacon of excellence not just for Singapore, but for Asia and the world,” said Mr Baty.

For 2025, University of Oxford holds first place while the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University come in second and third place respectively in the rankings.

Associate Professor Sajikumar Sreedharan from the Department of Physiology at the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine has received the International Association for the Study of Neurons and Brain Diseases (AND) Investigator Award in recognition for his research over the past two decades on how long-term memories are systematically stored in the brain.  

AND is an organisation of neuroscientists based at the University of Toronto, Canada. Assoc Prof Sajikumar was presented with the Investigator Award at the association’s annual meeting, which brought together scientists from around the world who study memory formation and its degeneration to share and discuss their latest research. The meeting was held in Qingdao, China, from 9 to 11 September 2024.

Assoc Prof Sajikumar, who conducts research on molecular mechanisms of memory, was selected by a scientific committee of world-renowned neuroscientists, for significantly advancing the understanding of the neuroscience behind how short-term memories systematically transition into long-term memories. The committee also commended that “his work provides a deeper insight into memory impairments due to ageing, learning disabilities, and mental illnesses.”

See more.

• Lianhe Zaobao, 6 October 2024, Fukan, p4

By Tan Zhan Tiam, a Year 3 student from the Depts of Political Sciences and Chinese Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 5 October 2024, Opinion, p13

By Assoc Prof Gu Qingyang, Director (Chinese Executive Education) from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 5 October 2024, Opinion, p13

By Prof Chong Siow Ann from the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS 

• The Straits Times, 5 October 2024, Insight, pB6

• Lianhe Zaobao, 5 October 2024, Singapore, p10
• Lianhe Zaobao, 5 October 2024, Singapore, p10
• CNA Online, 5 October 2024
• Channel 5 News, 5 October 2024
• Channel U News, 5 October 2024
• 8world Online, 5 October 2024
• Suria News Online, 5 October 2024
• The Sunday Times, 6 October 2024, The Big Story, pA5
• CNA, 6 October 2024
• CNA938, 6 October 2024
• 8world Online, 6 October 2024

More than 2,000 undergraduates and recent alumni from the NUS College of Humanities and Sciences (CHS) visited the inaugural NUS CHS Career and Internship Fair held at the NUS University Town’s Stephen Riady Centre to connect with companies, explore job opportunities and receive on-the-spot advice on career skills such as networking and tackling interviews.

Organised by CHS and the NUS Centre for Future-ready Graduates (CFG) in September, the event marked a key milestone for the College as it prepares for the graduation of the pioneering CHS cohort in 2025, said Professor Sun Yeneng, Co-Dean of CHS and Dean of NUS Faculty of Science at the launch of the event.

Remarking on the strong turnout from employers and students, he noted that companies recognise the value of engaging with CHS students, who are well-equipped with interdisciplinary skills honed through the College’s unique combination of a humanities and science education.

“Employers have shared how both breadth and depth of skills and knowledge enable their hires to better collaborate across different functions, domains and geographies,” said Prof Sun.

“Others attest to the importance of being able to connect the dots in new and unusual ways, or even uncover new dots – an important attribute to help business formulate more holistic solutions to the complex challenges they face,” he added.

Highlights of the fair

The fair saw participation from 64 companies, representing a wide spectrum of industries, from technology and finance to education, healthcare, and government agencies. Over 256 company representatives offered students insights into their respective industries, organisational cultures, and internship or full-time employment opportunities.

The event also featured a Career Access Networking session facilitated by the CFG Career Access Team that was specifically designed for students with special accessibility and educational needs. This initiative provided a more intimate and supportive environment for these students to network with eight inclusive employers and gain access to opportunities focused on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI). In all, more than 90 conversations took place during the session with both employers and students giving the event a thumbs-up.

Prior to the fair, students had the opportunity to attend workshops organised by CHS and CFG on resume writing, interview skills and career networking. These sessions offered lessons on ways to leverage generative AI tools like ChatGPT to craft compelling resumes, optimise resumes for AI-powered applicant tracking systems commonly used by employers, harness platforms like LinkedIn to boost their chances of success at job search and application, and receive personalised feedback through one-on-one reviews with career advisors.

Rene Mah, a third-year CHS student who attended the fair said, “We may have a preconceived idea of what kinds of careers we want to go into (and) which industries we want to develop our careers in. It’s good to be able to come down and see for yourself what is available out there as you might find something new.”

The event proved equally valuable for the participating employers. Ms Li Sihong, an Early Careers Recruitment Specialist from biopharmaceutical firm GSK, said, “We were able to network with students face-to-face to share in greater detail what each job is about and help them navigate their options.”

The success of this year’s fair underscores the commitment of CHS to continuously enhance students’ career readiness, ensuring they are well-prepared for the demands of the modern workforce. Associate Professor Nicholas Hon, Vice Dean (External Relations and Student Life) at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences said that the value of an interdisciplinary CHS education cannot be overemphasised and as the career landscape evolves, events like the CHS Career & Internship Fair serve as a vital bridge between education and industry.

Assoc Prof Hon added, “All employers have one very simple objective, and that is they would like to hire the most capable and most competent people that they can find. NUS has a complementary goal. We want to offer the education that will produce people who are competent, capable and are highly competitive in the job market.”

By the NUS College of Humanities and Sciences

By Dr Lance Gore Liangping, Senior Research Fellow from the East Asian Institute at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 4 October 2024, Opinion, p13

By Dr Chew Han Ei, Senior Research Fellow from the Institute of Policy Studies, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at NUS

• The Straits Times, 4 October 2024, Opinion, pB4

• 8world Online, 3 October 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 4 October 2024, Singapore, p6

Would you be a “successful ancestor”? This unusual poser presented at the distinguished keynote of the National University of Singapore (NUS) Cities Symposium 2024 drew laughter from the audience of more than 700 participants. But behind the light-hearted moment, the keynote speaker, Professor Brian Collins, Emeritus Professor of Engineering Policy at University College London, had a serious point to make. 

City planning is a long-term undertaking and responsibility, involving an overwhelming list of challenges from volatile global trade to technology changes. A “successful ancestor”, as such, is one who tackles these for posterity’s sake, he said.

Strategic city planning is key to solving these challenges, but it requires an intergenerational, multidisciplinary approach with partnerships between many stakeholders. This collaborative spirit was central to the discussion at the Symposium held on 18 September 2024, a highlight of the NUS Sustainability Connect Festival.

“Our cities should not just be liveable, but also sustainable to endure for generations to come, resilient to survive crises like COVID-19 and other upheavals,” said Professor Khoo Teng Chye, Director of NUS Cities, in his Welcome Address to an audience of industry practitioners, tertiary students, policymakers and academics gathered at the University Cultural Centre Ho Bee Auditorium. 

Navigating complex trade-offs in Singapore

City planning in the land-scarce Lion City is fraught with difficult decisions and trade-offs, noted Mr Desmond Lee, Minister for National Development and Minister-in-charge of Social Services Integration in his speech as the Symposium’s Guest-of-Honour. He underscored the competing housing and industry needs – “potentially unlimited wants” made even more challenging by the country’s small size.

“Our planners and policymakers do not have an easy task, but it is not impossible,” he said. “We must be able to turn challenges into opportunities.”

To achieve this, bold steps must be taken to ensure a more sustainable Singapore. One such measure, announced by Minister Lee in his speech, was a new initiative offering incentives for companies to adopt district cooling systems – a more energy-efficient alternative to individual buildings having their own chillers. 

He also emphasised the importance of a consultative approach, such as how the government is engaging the public in the URA Draft Master Plan 2025, which maps out Singapore’s land-use plans for the next 10 to 15 years.

Trust driven by data

This inclusive, data-driven style of policy-making would help build trust between a government and its people. And it is this tight social compact that will help cities weather crises, said Professor Lily Kong, President of the Singapore Management University.

Her keynote, the second of three Distinguished Keynotes of the day, explored how city planning is both a science and an art, requiring not just smart technologies but also social cohesion. “Relying on technology and infrastructure is critical, but it is not enough. Investment must be made in shoring up social resilience and community cohesion,” said Prof Kong.

Equally important is the collaboration between academia and the public sector. Data and science help to boost the credibility of policies, as discussed in the second plenary session, “How Can Our Cities Be Adapted for Climate Change?”, moderated by Assistant Professor Pearl Li from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at College of Design and Engineering (CDE) at NUS.

For instance, through the use of state-of-the-art sensors, Associate Professor Yuan Chao shared how even individual buildings in Singapore can be identified as hot spots. The Director of Research at NUS Cities also studies how heat affects vulnerable groups like the elderly, to achieve more inclusive and equitable climate action.

“By conducting this research, we provide deep climate science to support government planning and designs,” said Assoc Prof Yuan, who is also from the Department of Architecture at NUS CDE.

His points on public-private partnership built on what was discussed in an earlier plenary session, named after the Symposium’s theme of “Creating Liveable Cities in Uncertain Times”. 

“What data-driven, evidence-based climate action plans do is provide that data to cities and their leaders (to make decisions),” said panellist Ms Shruti Narayan, Managing Director of Regions and Mayoral Engagement, and Regional Director of South and West Asia at C40 Cities, a global network of about 100 city mayors. She added that a scientific breakdown of costs and benefits is especially useful when leaders weigh trade-offs, as “you can’t manage what you can’t measure”.

Planning today for a more sustainable tomorrow

Time is another key metric. Take, for example, Singapore’s commitment to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. To hit such targets, action at the city-planning level has to take place now.

The generational effects of city planning was a theme that echoed throughout the Symposium, from Prof Collins’ speech to the third plenary session on intergenerational equity in city planning – “Liveable Cities Which Are Healthy and Age-friendly: Dream or Reality”.

A thread running through the latter discussion was how to design a city that embraces ageing, especially with Singapore attaining “super-aged” status in 2026, when a fifth of the population will be 65 years old and above.

Associate Professor Emi Kiyota, Deputy Executive Director at the NUS Centre for Population Health and a faculty member of NUS CDE’s Department of Architecture, described how the built environment is a “manifestation of our minds” – that if society sees seniors merely as a vulnerable group to be looked after, it could perpetuate more facilities that may see them age in isolation instead of as part of the community. This insight underscores how city planning melds art and science, with social perceptions often shaping the infrastructure.

Vital to seniors thriving in society is the “20-minute town” concept, where amenities are close to homes, commutes to work take just 45 minutes, and nearby residential towns are only 20 minutes away – a topic discussed in the following plenary session “The 20-minute Town”.

The discussions aptly concluded with the Young Leaders Panel, which featured the likes of social media entrepreneur Kong Man Jing, an NUS Life Sciences alumna who is better known by her online persona “Biogirl MJ”, whose popular science channel dishes out fun facts on nature and biodiversity. 

Indeed, the NUS Cities programme aims to groom more leaders for a brighter future, having trained more than 4,000 NUS undergraduate students in city-planning skills so far. Prof Khoo added that NUS Cities is also planning for a Masters in Cities and an executive programme for city leaders like mayors.

“We hope to produce a pipeline of people who will be more ready to face the challenges of cities,” he said, envisioning a future generation of “successful ancestors”.

• The Straits Times, 3 October 2024, Singapore, pA28

By Assoc Prof Wee Hwee Lin, Director of the Centre for Health Intervention and Policy Evaluation Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 1 October 2024, Opinion, p11

• The Straits Times Online, 27 September 2024

• Lianhe Zaobao, 27 September 2024, China, p17

• The Straits Times Online, 26 September 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 27 September 2024, Singapore, p12

By Prof Lawrence Loh, Director of the Centre for Governance and Sustainability at NUS Business School; and Ms Huang Minjun and Ms Sabrina Soon, Research Associates at the same centre

• The Business Times, 27 September 2024, Sustainability Impact Awards 2024, p3
• The Straits Times, 2 October 2024, Sustainability Impact Awards 2024, p3

By Muhammad Ilyia Kamsani, a master’s student from the Dept of Malay Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at NUS

• Berita Harian, 30 September 2024, p8

By Assoc Prof Wee Hwee Lin, Director of the Centre for Health Intervention and Policy Evaluation Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 1 October 2024, Opinion, p11

• 8world Online, 30 September 2024
• Lianhe Zaobao, 1 October 2024, Business, p34

• 8world Online, 27 September 2024
• The Straits Times, 28 September 2024, The Big Story, pA6
• Lianhe Zaobao, 28 September 2024, Focus, p4
• Berita Harian, 28 September 2024, p4

• CNA Online, 27 September 2024
• Warna 94.2FM, 27 September 2024
• The Straits Times, 28 September 2024, The Big Story, pA6
• Lianhe Zaobao, 28 September 2024, Focus, p4
• Berita Harian, 28 September 2024, p2
• Tamil Murasu, 28 September 2024, p2

The NUS Chua Thian Poh Community Leadership Centre (CTPCLC) Symposium is an annual celebration of students’ work in the community. Its 12^th iteration, held on 21 September 2024, took the theme ‘Inclusive Communities’, underscoring the importance of fostering environments where all individuals, regardless of their background, can thrive and be full-fledged members of our community. This theme also reflects a growing recognition that inclusivity is not merely an idea but a necessary foundation for sustainable social development and cohesion.

Held in conjunction with NUS Homecoming 2024, the symposium attracted over 130 attendees comprising NUS students, alumni, staff, and partners; and featured insightful presentations, inspiring keynote speeches, an alumni panel discussion, and a mini graduation ceremony for students who completed their Certificate or Minor degrees in Community Development and Leadership at CTPCLC.

In his opening address, Guest-of-Honour, Mr Desmond Tan, Senior Minister of State, Prime Minister's Office and Deputy Secretary-General of the National Trade Union Congress, emphasised the importance of community inclusion and the role of educational institutions in fostering a spirit of care and support. Mr Tan urged attendees to champion causes and leverage digital tools to expand access for all. "Building an inclusive society requires intentional efforts to ensure that every part of our community is accessible to everyone," he said.

Advocacy and action

A highlight of the symposium was the presentation of four community projects spearheaded by students from CTPCLC, the College of Alice and Peter Tan (CAPT), and Residential College 4 (RC4):

● No Nation is an Island: Singaporean Weekenders and Home-Seekers in Johor Bahru 
The study by CTPCLC students Carin Chua (Arts and Social Sciences ‘24) and Ting Mei Ting (Arts and Social Sciences ‘25) found two major themes – expenses and escape – driving Singaporeans to travel frequently across the Johor-Singapore Causeway. They discussed the implication of these factors on future policies related to economics and the mental well-being of Singaporeans.

● Fieldwork to Enterprise: Mediating Role of Systems Thinking for Community Engagement in the Himalaya 
A project by RC4 students Noe Noe Su Aung (Business ‘23), Thangavel Jishnuanandh (Computing ‘25), Teo De Liang Ryan (Design & Engineering ‘26) and Tan Qing Heng (Business ‘26), they shared how they have empowered local communities and promoted responsible ecotourism in the region through the STEER Himalayas programme.

● Understanding Accessibility in Neighbourhood Spaces among Autistic Persons in Singapore
As part of their capstone, CAPT students Lim Yi Ann (Science ‘25), Lim Yi Leo (Arts and Social Sciences ‘23), Dean Woo (Arts and Social Sciences ‘25) and Celestine Tan Jing Xuan (Arts and Social Sciences ‘25) collaborated with Boon Lay Citizens’ Consultative Committee to explore the essential roles of caregivers, support networks, and social and environmental factors in shaping accessibility for autistic individuals.

● An Exploratory Study on Hatch’s Immersive+ Programme: Meeting the Needs and Impacting the Life Outcomes for School Dropouts
CTPCLC students Ashwin Pandiyan (Arts and Social Sciences ‘24), Goh Keng Swee Darren (Arts and Social Sciences  ‘24), Jerome Ong Yi Jie (Arts and Social Sciences ‘24) and Rachel Tee Xin Yi (Arts and Social Sciences ‘24) worked with Hatch, a social enterprise in Singapore to conduct a thematic analysis, during which they uncovered key insights into the youths’ most pressing needs and the factors influencing their life trajectories.

Adding to the significance of the day, the symposium featured two keynote speeches by CTPCLC alumni who shared their journeys and experiences in community service and leadership.

Mr Willoughby Niki Lee (Design & Engineering ‘22), a CTPCLC alumnus and founder of TinkerThings Global, delivered the opening keynote in which he shared his journey as a young community leader. He gave insights into creating a trustworthy digital ecosystem through innovation and collaboration, where everyone contributes their skills and time to building a resilient community.

Ms Cheong Ming Fang (Arts and Social Sciences ‘21), CTPCLC distinguished alumna and Community Development Manager at Ray of Hope, delivered the closing keynote where she discussed the importance of inclusive leadership and the need to amplify diverse voices in decision-making processes so that those on the margins can also have a say in shaping the future.

CTPCLC Instructor Ms Kuah Ting Ting moderated a lively panel discussion with three CTPCLC alumni – Pradnya Govind (Arts and Social Sciences ‘20), Goh Kher Liang (Arts and Social Sciences ‘21) and Daniel Lopez (Arts and Social Sciences ‘22). Hailing from the healthcare, philanthropy, and community development sectors, the group provided insights and engaged the audience in a thought-provoking dialogue on how to address systemic barriers and build inclusivity. Some ideas that were shared include, having community connectors bring in volunteer manpower and establishing a feedback loop system between citizens and policymakers to establish common ground.

Celebrating achievements

One of the most heart-warming moments of the event was the mini graduation ceremony for CTPCLC’s Class of 2024. Ms Chua Weiling, Director of Philanthropy at the Chua Foundation took the stage to congratulate the graduates and present them with a token to acknowledge their well-earned Certificates and Minor degrees in Community Development and Leadership.

Cheng Tian Wei, who was Valedictorian of the Class of 2024, said, “CTPCLC has been one of the most impactful experiences of my growing years; its people have taught me not just the skills needed in social development, but also the heart and posture needed in any area of the impact space.” Today, Tian Wei is part of the strategy branch of the Ministry of Social and Family Development, where he is pursuing his interest in community work.

“The symposium fostered a sense of unity and shared purpose. Our presenters spoke with such conviction about their community engagement projects; they engaged our hearts and minds, providing insights into experiences from the ground and from the corridors of government and philanthropy,” said CTPCLC’s Director Associate Professor Chng Huang Hoon, reflecting on the event.

“Our students and alumni have shown us what can be achieved when diverse groups come together with a shared vision of making a positive impact, and I’m so proud of them for their achievements and the profound impact they have made in our community,” she added.

By NUS Chua Thian Poh Community Leadership Centre 

The NUS Chua Thian Poh Community Leadership Centre offers both Certificate and Minor degrees in Community Development and Leadership. To date, 350 students have been awarded the Certificate in Community Development and Leadership and 41 of these students also received Minor degrees in Community Development and Leadership.

• CNA Online, 27 September 2024
• CNA Online, 27 September 2024
• The Straits Times, 28 September 2024, Singapore, pA16
• Lianhe Zaobao, 28 September 2024, Singapore, p8
• Tamil Murasu, 28 September 2024, p2
• The Business Times, 30 September 2024, p17

• The Straits Times, 28 September 2024, Singapore, pA18

As internet usage becomes an integral part of our daily lives, many people rely on various online sources for information. While the internet offers greater convenience and a wider range of news sources, the spread of false information has become one of the biggest challenges of this century, exacerbated by the rise of generative artificial intelligence. The spread of false information – whether in the form of mis-, dis- and mal-information (MDM) - can lead individuals and organisations to make harmful decisions, and has been shown to create societal divisions on critical and contentious issues.

A research team, comprising members from various faculties, including Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, NUS Business School, School of Computing, College of Design and Engineering, Faculty of Law, and Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, is addressing the issue of false information head-on through a programme known as Information Gyroscope (iGyro). This is a comprehensive five-year research initiative that seeks to identify and address vulnerabilities in the digital information pipeline, develop strategies to enhance digital resilience among online users, and promote behaviours that encourage engagement with trustworthy information. Led by Professor Chen Tsuhan, the interdisciplinary team of 40 researchers is committed to understanding and shaping the evolving digital information landscape.

“In aviation, a gyroscope provides stability and orientation guidance to maintain accurate control of an aircraft. Similarly, iGyro showcases our team's efforts to maintain stability in the face of a changing and chaotic information landscape. It also symbolises the interdisciplinary nature of the team, with expertise spanning disciplines such as social science, computer science, engineering, and law,” said Prof Chen.

Adopting a holistic three-layered framework, the iGyro team places understanding and shaping human behaviour at the core of their research. The next layer of their framework is the technology domain, which aims to understand the different stages of the digital information pipeline, from creation to dissemination to consumption. Finally, the outermost layer of their framework studies the potential impact of mitigation strategies as well as the roles regulations and policies used to deploy these strategies.

The iGyro team published a journal article in Digital Government: Research and Practice on 23 August 2024, which explained how the iGyro team has applied the three-layered framework to examine the lifecycle of content created by generative artificial intelligence, from creation to consumption. Placing a strong emphasis on human behaviour, the iGyro team highlighted vulnerabilities and advocated for adaptive and evidence-based policies to enhance information integrity and public trust in digital ecosystems.

Since its inception in 2023, the iGyro team has also made encouraging progress in developing tools to combat the spread of false information.

SNIFFER: A multimodal large language model to detect misinformation

Out-of-context misinformation, where authentic images are paired with false text that is not representative of the image, is one of the easiest and most effective ways to spread false information and mislead audiences. However, current technologies lack convincing explanations for their judgements, which is essential for debunking misinformation.

To tackle out-of-context misinformation, a team led by iGyro principal investigators Professor Wynne Hsu and Professor Lee Mong Li, who are from the NUS School of Computing, developed SNIFFER, a novel Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) designed to detect and explain out-of-context misinformation in images and captions.

SNIFFER uses a specialised artificial intelligence (AI) model to conduct a two-pronged analysis. The first step involves an internal check for consistency between the image and the caption. The second step draws information from external sources to examine the relevance between the context of the image and the provided caption. Based on the results of these two steps, SNIFFER will then determine the authenticity of the image-caption pair to arrive at a final judgement and an explanation of whether the pair is misleading or not.

SNIFFER has been found to surpass the performance of previous MLLM models by 40 per cent and carries out its misinformation detection tasks with higher accuracy compared to other state-of-the-art detection methods. The researchers hope that with further improvements, SNIFFER can be made available publicly to help users identify out-of-context information.

QACheck: A tool for question-guided fact-checking

The availability of reliable fact-checking tools is one way to combat the spread of false information. However, fact-checking through online sources involves a complex and multi-step reasoning process. Many existing fact-checking systems also lack transparency in their decision-making process, making it difficult for users to obtain a reasonable explanation for their conclusions.

To address this issue, iGyro principal investigator Associate Professor Kan Min-Yen, who is from NUS School of Computing, together with his research team, worked with international collaborators to develop the Question-guided Multihop Fact-Checking (QACheck) system, which steers the model's reasoning by posing a series of critical questions necessary for verifying a claim.

QACheck consists of five core modules: a claim verifier, question generator, question answering module, QA validator, and reasoner. Users can input a claim into QACheck, which then evaluates its accuracy and produces a detailed report outlining the reasoning process through a series of questions and answers. The tool also cites the sources of evidence for each question, promoting a transparent, explainable, and user-friendly fact-checking experience.

The team’s next step is to boost QACheck’s breadth and depth by integrating additional knowledge bases and incorporating a multi-model interface to support different data format, such as images, tables, and charts, to broaden the system’s ability to process and analyse these formats.

Mapping out global legislation implemented against fake news

As digital information sources become sophisticated and evolve rapidly, regulations and policies must adapt and keep up with this dynamic landscape.

A team led by iGyro principal investigator Professor Simon Chesterman, who is from the NUS Faculty of Law, created an interactive map of the global landscape of legislative efforts against fake news and misinformation to illustrate how laws aimed at addressing MDM have evolved globally from 1995 to 2023.

Notably, the team found that these laws were initially introduced in countries with fewer civil liberties, particularly in Africa and Asia. More recently, Asian nations have contributed significantly to the rise in such legislation, often granting greater powers to their governments. The team also found that the expansion of these laws has accelerated most rapidly in Western countries, including the United States, Canada, and the European Union.

Through this interactive map, the iGyro team hopes to conduct a more in-depth analysis of the types of laws that govern digital information, and the effectiveness of different approaches adopted by different countries to combat fake news. Valuable insights gained from their research would help shape future policies for all countries.

“We hope that by developing innovative tools, such as SNIFFER and QACheck, and analysing the global legislative landscape against fake news and misinformation to shape future policies, we can create a reliable digital information ecosystem and empower users to have a trustworthy internet to access information,” said Prof Chen.

• The Straits Times, 30 September 2024, Singapore, pA14
• Berita Harian, 1 October 2024, p4

• The Straits Times, 30 September 2024, Science, pA16 & pA17

• The Straits Times, 30 September 2024, Singapore, pA13
• The Straits Times, 30 September, Science, pA17

Music has been described as a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. Regardless of our backgrounds, we can all be moved to tears by the plaintive strains of a stringed instrument or stirred by the rhythmic beat of gongs and drums.

In 1973, UNESCO designated 1 October as International Music Day to celebrate the beauty and diversity of music and its power to unite people from diverse backgrounds. The day is an opportunity to explore music from other cultures and promote the UNESCO ideals of peace and understanding through a shared appreciation of music.

Today, NUS News explores a summer immersion programme that embraces the spirit of International Music Day by taking students on a journey into the world of Balinese music, dance, and theatre.

Sparking creative connections

Bali Regional Resonances is a two-week programme offered by the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music (YST) and open to all NUS students who have music training and an interest in learning about Balinese arts. The programme started in 2008 and ran annually for 11 years until the COVID-19 pandemic forced a hiatus.

When Professor Karst de Jong was tasked with reviving the programme in 2024, he approached it as a specialist in improvisation, which is the spontaneous composition of music through a combination of performance, emotions, instrumental technique, and interaction with other musicians. He saw value in helping the students not just learn to play the Balinese instruments, but also gain a deeper understanding of Balinese culture so they could meld the two musical styles creatively.

“We wanted to forge a real connection between the creative ideas of our students and the practice of making things in Bali,” Prof de Jong said. “Through talking to the locals, we came to the conclusion that the shadow puppet play (wayang kulit) would be a really great practice to combine those two things.”

Prof de Jong worked with non-governmental organisation Bali Jaladara to host the programme from 1 to 13 July 2024 in a small, tight-knit community where the students could experience the local way of life and learn various Balinese art forms. Almost every day, they spent about eight hours learning the art forms and collaboratively composing a wayang kulit performance that combined what they learnt with their existing musical training. The performance, presented at the end of the programme, featured both Balinese and Western instruments in the retelling of a traditional Balinese story about gods and demons.

A new learning experience

Unlike the methodical approach of Western music like following musical scores, Balinese music is taught through demonstration and imitation. This approach was challenging for many of the NUS students, and Neo Jie Ning, a third-year student majoring in Music, Collaboration and Production, shared that she initially took videos during lessons because she was worried about forgetting her parts.

However, she ended up not needing them when she followed the teachers’ advice to embrace more instinctual techniques like listening intently to her fellow musicians, visualising the ideas being conveyed by the music, and allowing muscle memory to take over.

Said Jellal Koay, a third-year Composition major: “If you come in with a mindset of ‘I need to write all of these down; these are the notes (the teachers) played,’ you will struggle. Whereas if you are just listening, looking at them, and being in the present, you learn faster.”

In addition to music, the students learnt dance and puppetry in a similar fashion by watching and imitating artists and teachers. Jellal observed that while the different art forms can be learnt in isolation, it is beneficial to learn them together for a deeper understanding and appreciation of each one because they overlap in many ways.

For example, the stop-start motions typical of wayang kulit puppets come from Balinese dance movements, and Balinese art performances often combine a variety of disciplines. The dalang or puppeteer who leads a wayang kulit performance multitasks to keep time, cue the musicians, manipulate and voice the puppets, and even adapt the play spontaneously according to the audience’s reactions.

“It is typical and even important for artists to be familiar with these different disciplines to attain fuller mastery and understanding of their craft,” noted Ong Ping Din, also a third-year Composition major.

The students experienced the arts in a broader context during several excursions, such as a visit to a temple’s anniversary celebration festival. There, they witnessed multiple performances of gamelan music, dances, and wayang kulit happening concurrently, reflecting the way the various art forms are closely intertwined in Balinese culture.

Gaining new perspectives

Prof de Jong hopes that Bali Regional Resonances will inspire more programmes that bring NUS musicians together and give them a new perspective on music through the rich cultures surrounding Singapore.

“There are lots of very proficient musicians in NUS, in engineering and in medical school and elsewhere, not just our conservatory students, and it’s really nice to make that connection with them,” he said.

He added: “I hope (such exposure) will create unique musicians coming from YST, because YST obviously is a conservatory in a Western model, but it's in Singapore. I think that our students should feel that this is different than what they would be studying in Germany, for example, and think: ‘There is something else going on here. What is my place here, and what am I going to do in my future with all these rich musical cultures around us? Am I just going to shut my eyes to these experiences and keep playing Mozart, or is there something meaningful that I take from that?’”

The benefits of immersing oneself in a different culture are many, from gleaning new creative ideas to broadening one’s view of a subject and discovering new ways of creating art.

For instance, living in the community gave students a glimpse into the Balinese people’s attitude towards the arts. They observed that local schoolchildren who came by to learn gamelan music did so casually and joyfully, without seeming to have an extrinsic motivation or end goal like winning a competition.

Said Gio Tan E Chuan, a second-year student majoring in Real Estate and Finance: “What they taught me was more about life than music, and that is about being grateful. I have never seen a group of happier kids, just being in each other’s company and playing good music together.”

Rather than focusing on performance excellence, the Balinese view of music is much broader, said Ping Din.

“Beyond just a means of providing entertainment or employment, the arts simply form an essential part of their daily lives, serving religious or secular functions in their rituals, ceremonies, and festivals,” he noted.

“This prompts me to think about my purpose as a Singaporean artist, in a society where art is not seen to serve ‘essential’ functions and is often conflated with discussions of career prospects. It would be meaningful to consider what art truly means to me, and how I could demonstrate to others the value of my work and artistic practice.”

• zbSunday, 29 September 2024, News, p19

• zbSunday, 29 September 2024, News, p16

• Lianhe Zaobao, 26 September 2024, Focus, p3

• Lianhe Zaobao, 26 September 2024, Singapore, p12

By Asst Prof Chetna Malhotra, Deputy Director (Research) at the Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School

• The Straits Times, 26 September 2024, Opinion, pB3

• 8world Online, 25 September 2024

A team of researchers from NUS Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), led by Associate Professor Shao Huilin and Associate Professor Brian Lim, has developed a first-of-its-kind technology to map out diverse protein interactions in cells using DNA barcodes.

The technology, dubbed TETRIS, can explicitly identify and quantify multiple interacting partners in large protein assemblies. By capturing the complex hierarchy of protein interactions within tumour cells, the technology uncovers detailed molecular mechanisms driving disease progression. This enables more precise diagnostics, allowing for the accurate sub-typing of cancers and the identification of aggressive forms of the disease in just a few hours, which was not possible previously.

Further, TETRIS provides vital insights from which doctors can tailor therapeutic strategies to individual patients. For instance, identifying the specific proteins and their interactions that contribute to cancer growth can lead to targeted therapies that improve patient outcomes.

The team’s findings were published in the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering on 19 June 2024. The first authors of the study are Dr Liu Yu and Dr Noah Sundah, both are research fellows from NUS iHealthtech.

Unmasking insidious cancer cells

Proteins are responsible for nearly all basic processes of life. Understanding how these building blocks of life interact with one another is a critical facet of biology and medicine. Indeed, proteins interact extensively with one another to drive important functions and activities in health and disease – deciphering these interactions can not only lead to better predictions of cell behaviour, but also have wide-ranging clinical applications, from improved disease diagnostics to developing more effective therapeutic strategies.

Current methods for studying these interactions, however, have limitations such as false results and incomplete profiling of protein interactions, among others. The gold-standard approach — yeast-two hybrid assays — requires genetic manipulation and is limited to pairwise binary interactions, rendering it unsuitable for clinical samples. Another common method — mass spectrometry-based proteomics — often misses weak interactions due to extensive sample processing and remains binary in its evaluation.

All in all, these methods fall short of capturing the full spectrum of protein interactions, particularly the higher-order ones where multiple proteins interact to form large functional assemblies; changes in higher-order protein interactions are often linked to more aggressive types of cancer.

The NUS researchers turned to DNA nanotechnology for a solution. “DNA is a programmable material and can be used to encode rich information while having predictable interactions, which enables us to craft sophisticated architectures with fine spatial control at the nanometre scale,” said Assoc Prof Shao, who led the design of TETRIS. She is also from the Department of Biomedical Engineering under the College of Design and Engineering at NUS.

Harnessing the advantages of DNA nanotechnology, TETRIS leverages hybrid molecular structures as smart encoders to map protein interactions directly in patient samples. Each encoder carries a target-recognising antibody and a templated DNA barcode. In action, the encoders not only bind to interacting proteins, but also have their barcodes fused bilaterally with that of their neighbouring units. The resultant barcodes thus capture all information – molecular identity and spatial relationship – and can be used to decode extensive protein interactions. Unlike current methods, TETRIS measures both pairwise and higher-order protein interactions, thereby providing a comprehensive picture of the complex protein interactome.

“Think of proteins as delegates at a scientific conference. Each delegate spots a name tag with a unique barcode. When they interact, or ‘shake hands’, TETRIS captures these interactions by linking their barcodes together. This creates a chain of interactions that we can subsequently read and decode via algorithms. Just like seeing who is chatting to whom at the conference, TETRIS enables us to see how proteins interact within cells, providing us with a lens through which we can understand and diagnose diseases more effectively,” said Assoc Prof Lim, who led the development of algorithms used to process the data collected by TETRIS. He is also from the Department of Computer Science under the NUS School of Computing.

A standout feature of TETRIS lies in its ability to perform on-site encoding and decoding of protein interactions directly in clinical samples. The technology has been tested on biopsies of human breast cancer tissues, from which it accurately diagnosed cancer subtypes and revealed higher-order protein interactions associated with cancer aggressiveness.

Transforming the future of healthcare

TETRIS provides a more detailed and accurate picture of the molecular underpinnings of diseases — a boon for cancer diagnostics and treatments. Changes in higher-order protein interactions, which are hallmarks of aggressive cancers, can be more easily detected, thus leading to more informed, personalised clinical decisions.

Additionally, TETRIS is designed with scalability and adaptability in mind. The technology can process a large number of samples and generate results quickly using existing laboratory infrastructure — allowing it to be integrated into routine clinical workflows with minimal disruption. For instance, the technology can be used in a doctor’s office, where samples obtained via fine-needle aspiration — a safer and minimally-invasive biopsy — can be rapidly analysed to inform treatment decisions.

The NUS researchers plan to expand the application of TETRIS to other types of cancers and neurological diseases, potentially paving the way for novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions across a broad spectrum of illnesses. The team has filed two patents for the technology and hopes to commercialise the innovation.

It was a day of celebration for more than 2,100 alumni and friends who gathered for NUS Homecoming on 21 September 2024. Organised by the NUS Office of Alumni Relations, the event held at University Town allowed alumni to rediscover the campus and rekindle old friendships in an atmosphere that balanced fond memories with exciting new experiences. The half-day event was filled with engaging activities, making it a meaningful and joyous occasion for everyone involved.

The morning started with a lively panel discussion, “Legends in the Room: Turning 60 – Singapore at the Crossroads”, held at the Stephen Riady Centre. Distinguished speakers Professor Wang Gungwu (Arts ‘53, MA ‘56, Hon.Litt.D. ‘22), Mr Kishore Mahbubani (Arts and Social Sciences ‘71), Emeritus Professor Tan Tai Yong (Arts and Social Sciences ‘86, MA ‘89) and moderator Mr Soh Yi Da (Arts and Social Sciences and USP '14) delved into Singapore’s remarkable journey from a fledgling nation to a global powerhouse. The panel explored key challenges faced by Singapore and the strategic moves it needs to take to ensure future success.

Ms Anita Suresh (Science ‘00) shared her excitement about attending the session, which featured notable NUS alumni. “It's good to know how Singapore has progressed over the years as it turns 60 next year, and how we can continue progressing as a nation,” she said. As an alumni mentor, Ms Suresh was also intrigued by the electric race car on display as part of the College of Design and Engineering (CDE)’s Technology Showcase, noting that it helped her stay connected to what current NUS students are passionate about.

Diverse activities included tours of Residential College 4 and the Satellite Technology and Research Centre at CDE, a lecture on NUS wildlife, and a talk on successful negotiation strategies. The “Taking Your Career to the Next Level” and executive coaching workshops, conducted by the Centre for Future-ready Graduates, offered attendees practical career advice. Other events, such as the NUS College Annual Reunion and the Manila Alumni Network & Friends Gathering, provided an opportunity for reunion and connection.   

Mr Richard D. Tan (Public Policy ‘13), Chairperson of the Manila Alumni Network, noted that he “particularly enjoyed the opportunity to reconnect with fellow alumni, not only those from Manila but also fellow Filipinos based in Singapore. It was wonderful to share stories, network, and build a stronger sense of community. The event reinforced how NUS has brought together such a diverse and accomplished group of people.”

All-round fun for everyone

Carnival booths, start-up exhibitions, and interactive activities were a hit with the participants, creating unforgettable memories for alumni and their families. Kids had a blast on the bouncy castle and enjoyed special screenings of Kung Fu Panda 4 and The Garfield Movie, while adults participated in a wine appreciation workshop over at Town Plaza, where the atmosphere was electric with performances by talented alumni bands and groups. Alumni musicians from the University’s student arts groups comprising the Chinese Orchestra, Symphony Orchestra, and Wind Symphony also took part in Orchestral Readings organised by the NUS Centre for the Arts, adding a touch of musical delight.

Mr Dave Jalpan (Engineering ‘11) was glad to attend Homecoming. A first-time attendee, he especially liked the many family-friendly activities on the programme. “It's good to come back to campus once in a while as it brings back fond memories of my student days here,” he shared. The event gave him the chance to reconnect with old friends while creating new memories with his loved ones.

At the NUS Homecoming Lunch, several milestones were celebrated: the 95th anniversaries of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the Faculty of Dentistry, and the Faculty of Science; the 20th anniversary of Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy; and the 10th anniversaries of Ridge View Residential College and Residential College 4.

Ms Ovidia Lim-Rajaram (Arts and Social Sciences ‘89), NUS Chief Alumni Officer, emphasised the significance of events such as Homecoming in fostering a sense of community. “Homecoming is a wonderful opportunity for our alumni to return to campus and celebrate their shared bond with the University,” she said. Ms Lim-Rajaram also highlighted the success of the NUS Innovation Forum (NIF), launched last year as a global platform to engage alumni, academics and thought leaders on pressing issues. “We’ve already held the Forum in Manila and San Francisco, and next year, we plan to bring it to Vietnam, Japan and Indonesia,” she shared.

During the event, Professor Tan Eng Chye (Science ‘85), NUS President, acknowledged the growing demands of an increasingly interconnected and complex world. He emphasised how these changes also shape the evolving needs of the alumni community. “In July, we announced that NUS would provide a 40 per cent rebate on over 80 self-funded Master’s programmes for Singaporeans and Permanent Residents,” Prof Tan shared. “As more of our alumni seek to update their skills and embrace new career opportunities, we hope this initiative encourages you to return to NUS for your lifelong learning.” He also highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary learning to equip students to approach complex problems and adapt to changing industries.

From family fun at the carnival booths to thought-provoking talks and engaging performances, NUS Homecoming 2024 wrapped up on a high note as alumni reminisced about their student days and explored new interests. The lively atmosphere made it clear that NUS will always be a place to return to as the attendees look forward to more reunions and memories in the years to come.

By NUS Office of Alumni Relations

Five outstanding professors from NUS received the nation’s highest honours for scientists and engineers as a recognition of their outstanding achievements in their respective fields.

Organised by the National Research Foundation, Singapore (NRF), the President’s Science & Technology Awards (PSTA) honours the exceptional contributions of researchers based in Singapore who have also helped to advance the country’s strategic research priorities.

At a ceremony held on 27 September 2024, President of Singapore Tharman Shanmugaratnam presented the President’s Science Award to Professor Liu Bin, Tan Chin Tuan Centennial Professor as well as Deputy President (Research and Technology) at NUS. The PSA recognises accomplishments generally acknowledged by other Science and Technology (S&T) practitioners as being significant and impactful to their field.

Professor Ho Teck Hua, NUS University Professor and President of the Nanyang Technological University, was conferred the President’s Science and Technology Medal (PSTM) by President Tharman. This prestigious award is presented to individuals who have made distinguished, sustained and exceptional contributions, and play a strategic role in advancing Singapore’s development through the promotion and management of S&T.

Three research stars at NUS received the Young Scientist Award (YSA) from Mr Heng Swee Keat, Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of NRF. These highly accomplished scientists are:  Associate Professor Lu Jiong from the Department of Chemistry at the NUS Faculty of Science; Associate Professor Daniel Ting Shu Wei from the Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the College of Design and Engineering; and Assistant Professor Li Qianxiao from the Department of Mathematics at the NUS Faculty of Science.

The YSA is awarded to researchers aged 40 years and below who are actively engaged in R&D in Singapore, and who have shown great potential to be world-class researcher in their fields of expertise. It is administered by the Singapore National Academy of Science and supported by NRF.

These awards, won by individual researchers and administrators in fields as diverse as organic functional materials and ophthalmology, demonstrate the strength of NUS’ research communities and commitment to scientific excellence.

The five award-winning scientists, with the support of their colleagues and institutions, have helped to push the boundaries in their respective fields, creating profound value and impact for both NUS and Singapore.

2024 President’s Science Award Recipient: Professor Liu Bin

NUS Tan Chin Tuan Centennial Professor Liu Bin is this year’s sole winner of the President’s Science Award (PSA). She received this prestigious accolade for her team’s breakthrough discovery of the role of carbazole isomers in room temperature phosphorescence of carbazole, an organic semiconductor, resolving a 95-year debate in the field.

The findings on carbazole isomer subsequently inspired Prof Liu’s team to develop an iso-structural doping strategy that captures and uses triplet state excitons efficiently to produce new materials with bright luminescence and long-lasting emission. This approach opens up possibilities in naked-eye sensing, afterglow devices, optical data encryption, and advanced medical diagnostics and treatments.

“I take great pride in the training I received at NUS,” said Prof Liu who received her PhD in Chemistry from NUS before her postdoctoral training at the University of California at Santa Barbara. She joined the University as an Assistant Professor in late 2005. She became a full professor in 2016 and is currently NUS Deputy President (Research and Technology). She is also a faculty member of the University’s Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering in the College of Design and Engineering.

“I am fortunate to work alongside very talented PhD students and postdoctoral fellows in my research group. I am grateful for their strong contributions to our success and deeply appreciate the unwavering support of my colleagues and international collaborators. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to my mentors for their invaluable coaching and guidance, which have inspired me to pursue excellence in both research and administration.”

An internationally acclaimed leader in the field of organic functional materials, Prof Liu has been highly recognised for her contributions in polymer chemistry and applications of organic nanomaterials for biomedical, environmental and energy research.

In honour of her exceptional performance in research, education and service, Prof Liu has been elected to the US National Academy of Engineering, Singapore National Academy of Sciences, Asia-Pacific Academy of Materials, the Academy of Engineering Singapore and the Royal Society of Chemistry. She has also received many prestigious awards, both locally and overseas.

Prof Liu is especially passionate about nurturing the next generation of research leaders and encouraging more women to pursue careers in science and engineering. As the first female individual winner of the PSA since it was first given out in 2009, Prof Liu is conscious that receiving the nation’s highest honour for scientific achievement represents a milestone not just for herself or the University, but for everyone in the scientific field.

“Being a scientist is great,” she said, “but life is more rewarding if we can elevate others. I am motivated to build a more conducive research environment to help my colleagues excel.”

Read the full citation here.

2024 President’s Science & Technology Medal Recipient: Professor Ho Teck Hua

NUS University Professor Ho Teck Hua and current President of the Nanyang Technological University was awarded the President’s Science and Technology Medal (PSTM) for his profound impact on the science and technology landscape in Singapore especially in nurturing a pipeline of top talent, fostering interdisciplinary research, and building national R&D ecosystems.

At NUS, Prof Ho served two roles, as the Deputy President of Research and Technology from 2015 to 2018, and later, Senior Deputy President and Provost from 2018 to 2023. The university saw remarkable growth and expansion during these years. In 2016, he was appointed the founding Executive Chairman of AI Singapore, to lead the nation’s nascent efforts in artificial intelligence. In 2023, Prof Ho assumed the role of the fifth president of NTU.

An NUS alumnus, Prof Ho’s most significant contribution to Singapore was the creation of a strong pipeline of talent in science and technology. He is also a strong believer in interdisciplinary research, having led the creation of the College of Design and Engineering (CDE) at NUS through a merger of the Faculty of Engineering and the School of Design and Environment. Today, CDE champions research that cuts across multiple disciplines and offers an enriching interdisciplinary education.

“Our universities work very hard to attract and embrace both young talent and stars from around the world,” said Prof Ho. “Our goal is to support and empower our researchers to create solutions that will make the world a better place and improve the lives of Singaporeans.”

“My dream,” he added, “is to produce some Nobel prize and Turing Award winners for Singapore.”

Read the full citation here.

2024 Young Scientist Award Recipient: Associate Professor Lu Jiong

Assoc Prof Lu Jiong, from the Department of Chemistry at the NUS Faculty of Science, received the YSA for developing novel catalysts that significantly advance sustainable chemical manufacturing processes. 

Assoc Prof Lu, who is also a Principal Investigator at the NUS Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials and an NUS alumnus, works at the forefront of next-generation materials and catalytic technologies, focusing on achieving atomic-level precision and high sustainability. His pioneering work promises significant economic and environmental benefits, particularly in transforming manufacturing processes in the fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.

These industries are major sources of air pollution, with some studies showing that the carbon footprint of the pharmaceutical industry surpasses that of the automotive industry. Currently, the catalysts used in these industries face several challenges, including high production costs, difficulties in separation and reuse, and the risk of harmful metal contamination.

Under Assoc Prof Lu’s leadership, his team developed advanced catalysts that not only achieved significantly higher yields and greater efficiency, but also saw a remarkable 10-fold reduction in environmental impact and production cost compared to conventional options.

Assoc Prof Lu is also dedicated to nurturing the next generation of researchers. Several members of his team have since established successful careers in other prestigious institutions, emerging as influential leaders in their respective fields. 

“I am deeply grateful for the PhD training I received at NUS, which provided a solid foundation for my academic career and helped me gain a deeper understanding of the research ecosystem here,” he shared.

“Being closely connected with NUS, I feel a strong sense of responsibility to contribute to its research excellence and global impact. I am also truly honoured to receive this award, which recognises my team’s efforts and encourages me to continue driving innovation to position NUS – and Singapore – as a leader in the field.”

Read the full citation here.

2024 Young Scientist Award Recipient: Associate Professor Daniel Ting Shu Wei

Assoc Prof Daniel Ting, from the Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC) and Duke-NUS Medical School, received the YSA for his work in harnessing artificial intelligence in ophthalmology to prevent blindness.

Assoc Prof Ting’s approach to research combines cutting-edge AI technologies with practical clinical applications, seeking to reduce the global burden of eye and systemic vascular diseases. His AI research innovations have extended to pixel-based imaging areas such as diabetic eye diseases, myopia, chronic kidney disease, generative AI for structured data, medical imaging, and large language models for electronic health records. He is also a strong advocate for safe and responsible AI, data and AI safety using privacy enhancing technologies, and AI thought leadership and community practice building. These advancements are not only implemented in clinical, research and educational settings but are also transitioning into new start-ups and licensing agreements, broadening their impact.

His current passion is to develop resource-efficient consumers centric generative AI agents for clinical care, clinical trials matching, remote monitoring, and AI-based health coach, to help manage sick care and well care for Singaporeans and global populations.

Assoc Prof Ting aims to position Singapore’s research, innovation, and startup ecosystems at the global landscape, particularly in AI and digital health. This is reflected in his complementary roles in research, clinical, and policy at Duke-NUS, SNEC, and as the Director of the AI Office at SingHealth. He currently holds other appointments at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in the College of Design and Engineering at NUS, as well as Stanford University.

Assoc Prof Ting also prioritises mentoring the next generation of researchers, with a particular emphasis on fostering innovation and collaboration across scientific, healthcare, and academic institutions.

Read the full citation here.

2024 Young Scientist Award Recipient: Assistant Professor Li Qianxiao

Asst Prof Li Qianxiao, from the Department of Mathematics at the NUS Faculty of Science, was awarded the YSA for his innovative work on the mathematical foundations of deep learning, its connections with dynamical systems, and applications in AI for science.

Asst Prof Li pioneered the understanding of how expressiveness – the ability to learn arbitrary relationships – arises in deep neural networks. Together with his research team, they revealed the intricate connections between this modern technology and classical mathematics. This has not only improved our understanding of how and when deep learning works, but also how to systematically improve its performance in new application settings.

“Machine learning research is a fast-moving field, and we have witnessed rapid developments in the last 10 years, from classical supervised learning to modern foundation models. Yet, some fundamental questions remain unsolved, and many of them are mathematical in nature,” said the Presidential Young Professor who joined NUS in 2019. Asst Prof Li is also a Principal Investigator at the NUS Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials.

Asst Prof Li’s work is highly interdisciplinary, and he has published in leading journals spanning the fields of mathematics, computer science, and the sciences. “One important advice I have received was from my PhD advisor, Prof E Weinan, from Princeton University. He held the firm view that applied mathematics research must be connected to the broader scientific community,” he shared.

“This principle has driven my research since, and reminded me that I must constantly learn from and talk with scientists from other fields to formulate good research questions,” he said. “NUS has provided me with the opportunity, resources, and freedom to pursue research in my areas of interest, for which I am very grateful.”

Read the full citation here.

By Dr Lance Gore Liangping, Senior Research Fellow from the East Asian Institute at NUS

• Lianhe Zaobao, 20 September 2024, Opinion, p20

Picture this – in a hospital ward, a patient sits propped up in his bed, his tray of food mostly untouched, his appetite diminished by medication and the weight of illness. The cold food is then taken away by a nurse, ready to be discarded.

This scenario, while unfortunate, is a common issue in Singapore hospitals, where food wastage is a major concern due to factors such as poor patient appetite, limited dietary selection and inconducive eating environments.

Brainstorming ways to address this problem was the focus of this year’s CHS Case Competition, an annual event organised by the NUS College of Humanities and Sciences (CHS). The winning team, made up of students from disciplines such as Pharmaceutical Science and Business, came up with the idea of interactive bowl designs and gamification to tackle patient food leftovers, particularly among elderly patients.

This year’s competition was organised in partnership with Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Centre for Healthcare Innovation and Boston Consulting Group, with sponsorship from Moderna. The competition was open to all NUS students, with each team comprising at least one CHS student – a competition prerequisite. 

In his address to the 13 finalist teams, Professor Lionel Wee, Co-Dean of CHS and Dean of the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences noted that the CHS Case Competition is a platform for students to assemble teams with diverse expertise and apply curriculum learning to formulate interdisciplinary solutions to real-world issues.

He said, “Your collective journey as a team has equipped you with invaluable soft skills such as effective communication, consensus building, resourcefulness and the art of presenting and public speaking. These are indispensable lifelong skills and will serve as building blocks for your enduring professional success.”

Building their cases against food waste

To better understand the food wastage problem in TTSH, the students attended a seminar organised by the hospital, where they learnt about the current measures employed to minimise wastage and feedback from patients about their meals. A group of professors from NUS College of Design and Engineering, NUS Business School and the NUS Centre for English Language Communication also organised a series of workshops for students to delve into the intricacies of food wastage and upcycling, supply chain inventory management in the healthcare sector, as well as business case writing and presentation techniques. Students also gained insights into Moderna’s Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) initiatives.

Building on the knowledge gleaned, the finalist teams devised innovative solutions that involved technology, AI and even psychology, impressing the judges with their creativity in tackling the problem.

Bowled over by the winning pitch 

Winning third place and S$1,000 was Team7 whose proposal “Every Meal Counts” targets patient leftovers and excess food surplus in hospitals through a closed-loop solution where patients first order their preferred meals through an app connected to a centralised kitchen and later complete satisfaction surveys to help hospitals better predict their meal preferences.

Second place and S$1,500 went to the team, School of Avocadoes, who called for a three-pronged solution – a food ordering app for patient meal customisation, the use of predictive modelling to optimise buffer meal quantities and the adoption of Modified Atmosphere Packaging technology to extend the shelf life of buffer meals.

Delivering the winning pitch and taking home S$2,000 was Team Pharma X with their “Bowl Bonuses” proposal that aims to reduce food leftovers by elderly patients with poor appetites. By offering meals in “interactive” bowls painted with local cultural designs such as ang ku kueh and iced gem biscuits at the bottom, the team hopes to encourage patients to finish their meals. Those who do so are rewarded with lucky draws to win practical prizes – such as supermarket and retail vouchers or public transport credits – that can be used upon their discharge from the hospital.

Dr Jeannie Tey, Director of Corporate Planning and Chief Sustainability Officer at TTSH, who was part of the panel of judges at the finals, highlighted how Team Pharma X’s proposal demonstrated strong real-world feasibility as it leveraged existing manpower and workflows.

She shared, “Pharma-X emerged as the winning entry by delivering a comprehensive analysis of the problem statement, supported by a clear and compelling rationale for their solution. Their approach skilfully integrated behavioural economics, a structured rewards system, and elements of gamification, making the solution not only practical but also engaging and human-centric.”

Year 3 Pharmaceutical Science student, Xu Qi, who was part of Team Pharma X said, “The competition focused on reducing food waste in hospitals as part of broader ESG efforts, a topic that requires solutions rooted in both business strategy and healthcare knowledge. We learnt that reducing waste in a hospital setting must be balanced with careful attention to patients' nutritional needs, an insight that shaped our solution. This practical knowledge not only enhanced our project but also gave us a deeper appreciation for the real-world implications of our ideas.”

Xu Qi said a key takeaway from this experience is the importance of teamwork and integrating insights across fields to address complex challenges effectively. He also expressed his team’s appreciation for the organisers’ efforts in preparing the teams with workshops on public speaking and presentation skills as this helped ensure they communicated their ideas clearly and confidently. The seminars with healthcare professionals from TTSH were also invaluable as they revealed the intricate relationship between food waste and patient care.

Associate Professor Chng Shu Sin, Vice Dean of Student Life and Alumni Relations at the NUS Faculty of Science, noted that this year’s competition received 78 submissions – the highest since the competition began in 2021. He acknowledged that this was due in part to the interesting problem statement that TTSH came up with.

Assoc Prof Chng said, “The cases are evidence-based and also very interdisciplinary which highlights the gist of what the CHS competition is about. Hopefully, Tan Tock Seng Hospital will see the value in some of these cases and mix and match them into a good solution to deal with food wastage in the hospital.”

By Assoc Prof Michael Dunn from the Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at NUS; Dr Kathryn Muyskens, Research Fellow; and Mr Harsh Hiwase all from the same centre

• CNA Online, 20 September 2024

• The Straits Times, 25 September 2024, Singapore, pA19
• Berita Harian 26 September 2024, p4